Blood count changes of Bothrops atrox (Squamata: Viperidae) with oviduct neoplasia

ObjectivesTo compare the changes in various hematologic parameters in our study subjects.Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella Serovar Typhi, it has been a major public health problem in most developing...

Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites associated with changes in clinical hemostatic and hematologic parameters in pregnant women

Mitomycin (MMC), like many antineoplastic drugs, induces a predictable, dose-related, bone marrow depression in man and laboratory animals; this change is generally reversible. However, there is evidence that MMC may also cause a late-stage or residual bone marrow injury. The present study in female CD-1 mice investigated the haematological and bone marrow changes induced by MMC in a repeat dose study lasting 50 days. Control and MMC-treated mice were dosed intraperitoneally on eight occasions over 18 days with vehicle, or MMC at 2.5 mg/kg, autopsied (n = 6-12) at 1, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 50 days after the final dose and haematological changes investigated. Femoral nucleated bone marrow cell counts and levels of apoptosis were also evaluated and clonogenic assays carried out; serum levels of FLT3 ligand (FL) were assessed. At day 1 post-dosing, MMC induced significant reductions in RBC, Hb and haematocrit (HCT) values, and there were decreases in reticulocyte, platelet, and femoral nucleated cell counts (FNCC); neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte values were also significantly reduced. On days 7 and 14 post-dosing, all haematological parameters showed evidence of a return towards normal values, but at these times, and at day 28, values for RBC and FNCC remained significantly reduced in comparison with controls. At days 42 and 50 post-dosing, many haematological parameters in MMC-treated mice had returned to control levels; however, there remained evidence of late-stage effects on RBC, Hb and HCT values, and FNCC also continued to be significantly decreased. Results for granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units and erythroid colonies showed a profound decrease immediately post-dosing, but a return to normal values was evident at day 50. Serum FL concentrations demonstrated very significant increases in the immediate post-dosing period, but a return to normal was seen at day 50 post-dosing; a relatively similar pattern was seen in the number of apoptotic femoral marrow nucleated cells. The histopathological examination of kidney tissues from MMC animals at day 42 and 50 post-dosing showed evidence of hydronephrosis with cortical glomerular/tubular atrophy and degeneration. It is therefore concluded that MMC administered on eight occasions over 18 days to female CD-1 mice at 2.5 mg/kg induced profound changes in haematological and bone marrow parameters in the immediate post-dosing period with a return to normal levels at day 50 post-dosing; however, there was evidence of mild but significant late-stage/residual effects on RBC and FNCC, and on cells of the erythroid lineage in the bone marrow.

Background: Despite the great effort of the malaria control program in Sudan, Plasmodium vivax malaria has remained a major challenge recently, causing significant morbidity with a variety of haematological changes. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of Plasmodium vivax malaria and their density on some haematological parameters in patients admitted to Wad Medani teaching hospital in Gezira state, Sudan. Methods: Some haematological parameters of 160 participants, 80 infected with vivax malaria (47 male and 33 female) and 80 non-infected with malaria, who were admitted to Wad Medani teaching hospital in Gezira state, Sudan during high transmission season between August and November 2018, were evaluated for some haematological parameters. Results: The parameters (haemoglobin, haematocrit, counts of red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils) were significantly lower in infected patients than malaria negatives. The platelets and haemoglobin were inversely correlated to parasite density in positive cases. Conclusion: The exhibition of some haematological parameters changes was closely related to patients infected with vivax malaria versus non-infected, and these changes could be used as a diagnostic criterion for vivax malaria diagnosis in endemic regions.

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF), a debilitating condition responsible for high morbidity and mortality considered a financial burden to the government and society. Determining the prevalence of CRF in any country is important for planning the care of affected patients. Aim and Objectives: The study aimed at looking for the hematological changes before, and following hemodialysis (HD) in CRF patients. The objectives included comparing complete hemogram, coagulation profile, and blood biochemistry before and after HD; determining hematological complications post-HD; taking precautions to reduce morbidity and mortality from hematological point of view; and assessing changes in hematological profile of CRF patients undergoing HD. Materials and Methods: An institutional cross-sectional study was done on 62 patients of CRF undergoing HD. The hematological and biochemical parameters were studied along with urinary findings. Results: Males were more affected in the study. The hematological parameters which were elevated following dialysis were total leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), bleeding and clotting time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, but MCH concentration and platelet count showed a fall. Postprandial blood sugar, calcium and erythropoietin showed elevated levels following hemodialysis., while decreased levels were found in fasting blood sugar, sodium, potassium, phosphate, urea, and creatinine. Urinary studies showed a increase in specific gravity and a decrease in 24 h urinary protein. Conclusion: CRF is becoming a dreadful condition in society, with dialysis playing an eminent role in treatment modality. Formulating precautions before and after dialysis based on various hematological and biochemical parameters can help to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Background: During storage of blood several hematological and biochemical changes take place that may affect viability of blood cells and other components. In Sudan (to our knowledge) there is no enough information about these changes and there are some gaps in the studies that have been conducted, it did not include all hematological parameters, thus the aim of the present study is to study the various hematological changes occurring in stored whole blood. Methods: This is cross-sectional study conducted at Central Blood Bank, Khartoum state. The study conducted in the period from October 2019 to February 2020, included 100 Sudanese adults donors at defined age group (18-48). The Complete Blood Count (CBC) was performed on it immediately at the time of collection, and this was considered as control, then CBC performed at 1,2,3,4 weeks using automated cell count (Sysmex KY21N). Results: In the first and second weeks there were insignificant changes in all hematological parameters except for platelets, there was a significant decrease started from first week (2.086 vs 3.286; p value =.005) compared to the control, while in third and fourth weeks all changes that occurred with a significant decrease, except for the MCV, which was significant increase in fourth week (90.725 vs. 87.846; p value =.001) compared to the control. Conclusions: All hematological parameters that evaluated above affected by storage, but platelets are more affected which have significant decrease in Day 7.

Hematological parameters' changes in mice subchronically exposed to static magnetic fields of different orientations

To analyze detailed changes in hematology and biochemistry tests parameters before and after a long-distance race in ultramarathon runners. Blood samples of 11 participants were obtained for standard analysis before, immediately after, two days after and nine days after the 2002 International Ultra-marathon 24 h Race and the International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) Asia 24 h Championship. Total bilirubin (BIL-T), direct bilirubin (BIL-D), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased statistically significantly (P<0.05) the race. Significant declines (P<0.05) in red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were detected two days and nine days d after the race. 2 d after the race, total protein (TP), concentration of albumin and globulin decreased significantly. While BIL, BIL-D and ALP recovered to their original levels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) remained unchanged immediately after the race, but it was significantly decreased on the second and ninth days after the race. Ultra-marathon running is associated with a wide range of significant changes in hematological parameters, several of which are injury related. To provide appropriate health care and intervention, the man who receives athletes on high frequent training program high intensity training programs must monitor their liver and gallbladder function.

Background Despite public health significance of dual infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria in developing countries like Nigeria, information on the association between malaria parasite density count (MPDC) and hematological parameter changes among HIV-infected individuals is rarely available. Objectives To evaluate burden of HIV and malaria dual infections and assess the predictive association of MPDC with hematological parameter changes among HIV infected adults attending two antiretroviral treatment clinics in Kano, Nigeria. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 1521 consented participants randomly selected between June 2015 and May 2016. Participants' basic characteristics and clinical details were collected using a pretested and validated standardized questionnaire. Collected venous blood was analyzed for malaria by rapid testing and microscopy including malaria parasite density; hematological parameters were estimated using a Sysmex XP-300 autoanalyzer. Data was reviewed, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. Mean hematological parameters and HIV/malaria status were compared using the independent t-test; hematological parameters and MPDC relationship was tested by simple linear regression analysis. Statistically significant difference at probability of <0.05 was considered for all variables. Results The majority (70.6%) of the participants were females. Mean (SD) age was 37.30 ± (10.41) years and ranged from 18 to 78 years. 25.4% of participants had dual infection, 99% due to Plasmodium falciparum species. Mean MPDC was 265 ± 31.8 (SD) cells/μl and ranged from 20 to 2500 cells/μl. Dual infection was highest (37.5%) among respondents in the age group ≥60 years. Prevalence was similar among other age groups (p = 0.165) and gender (p = 0.942). Of the 16 hematological parameters evaluated, 11 showed significant difference between HIV mono-infected and dual infected participants. Of the 11 parameters, only 7 (Hb, MCHC, red cells count, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, and red cell distribution width) were significantly predictive of changes with respect to MPDC. Conclusions MPDC was significantly predictive of changes in 7 hematological parameters among dual infected participants in these settings. In routine malaria diagnosis, MPDC determination with respect to changes in some hematological parameters should be considered in ART programs for improved patient management.

BackgroundChanges in haematological parameters and inflammatory markers including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) have been observed in schizophrenia, but few studies have investigated both in relation to symptom remission and treatment resistance. Clozapine use may also affect these parameters, but data in literature beyond the first two years post-initiation is limited.Aims & ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate haematological and inflammatory changes associated with non-remission in schizophrenia, and identify if changes were associated with treatment resistance or long-term clozapine use.MethodHealthy individuals and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited between 2016 to 2022 from the community, and from outpatient and inpatient settings. Data including age, sex, ethnicity, medical comorbidities and medication prescriptions were collected. Full blood count investigations were performed on recruitment. Patients were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and categorised into symptom remitters versus non-remitters based on the Andreason remission criteria. They were further categorized into antipsychotic-responsive (ARS), clozapine-responsive (nCR-TRS) and clozapine-resistant treatment-resistant schizophrenia (CR-TRS) groups, based on remission status and clozapine use as a proxy for treatment resistance. Individuals with autoimmune conditions and smokers were excluded to yield a sample of 232 individuals. We investigated differences in 20 full blood count parameters, NLR, PLR and MLR. Three main analyses were performed: a 2-group analysis comparing healthy individuals against patients with schizophrenia, a 3-group analysis comparing healthy individuals, symptom remitters versus non-remitters, and a 4-group analysis comparing healthy individuals, ARS, nCR-TRS and CR-TRS. Among patients, we further compared clozapine users versus non-users.ResultsIn the 2-group comparison, red blood cell counts (p = 0.009), absolute neutrophil count (p = 0.028), neutrophils percentage (p = 0.005) and basophils percentage (p = 0.018) were significantly lower in schizophrenia. Absolute lymphocyte count (p = 0.032), lymphocytes percentage (p = 0.004), NLR (p = 0.004) and MLR (p = 0.009) were higher in schizophrenia. In the 3-group comparison, neutrophils percentage (p = 0.017), NLR (p = 0.015) and MLR (p = 0.021) showed an increasing trend from healthy controls to remitters then non-remitters, while lymphocytes percentage (p = 0.009), platelet count (p = 0.034) and red blood cell counts (p <0.001) showed a decreasing trend. Similar trends were seen in the 4-group comparison with increasing treatment resistance — most significant differences were seen between healthy controls and nCR-TRS or TRS groups. Most parameters were not significantly different between clozapine users versus non-users, and instead higher mean platelet volume (p = 0.006) and monocytes percentage (p = 0.027) were uniquely observed among clozapine users. Mean duration of clozapine use was 7 years.Discussion & ConclusionsMost haematological and inflammatory changes appear to be related to disease burden rather than clozapine use. We found higher NLR and MLR, lower red blood cell counts and lower platelet counts in schizophrenia, with non-remission and increasing treatment resistance. Raised NLR and MLR suggest ongoing inflammation in active psychosis and may be viable biomarkers of active disease and treatment resistance. Further studies are required to clarify if other haematological changes are related to underlying disease or associated processes.

Background: Various hematological and immunological changes can occur in pregnancy which could be beneficial for the growth of the fetus and the maintenance of the pregnancy although some of these changes could be hazardous to the fetus and can cause complications during pregnancy. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the hematological and immunological changes in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia (PE). Materials and Methods: To this end, hematological and immunological changes were evaluated in 62 normal pregnant women and 56 pregnant women with PE. Moreover, 58 healthy non-pregnant women were studied as the control group. The study was done between December 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019 in Chwarbakh Private Clinic and Shorsh Teaching Hospital. The venous peripheral blood from the antecubital vein was used in this study. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in the number of granulocytes, monocytes, and mean platelet (PLT) volume in both normal pregnant women and PE patients in comparison to normal (non-pregnant) controls (P&lt;0.01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between a reduction in their hematocrit (HCT), PLT, and lymphocytes (P&lt;0.01). With regard to immunological changes, a significant increase was also observed in the serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels in both normal pregnancy and preeclamptic patients when compared to non-pregnant controls (P&lt;0.01), but gamma interferon was not significantly different. Conversely, there were no significant associations between the serum level of antiphospholipid antibodies and anticardiolipin antibodies in the study groups except for antiphospholipid antibodies which were significantly lower in the third trimester of pregnancy in the preeclamptic patients (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: In general, significant changes in hematological and immunological parameters were observed in both normal pregnant and PE patients although further studies are required to include more immunological parameters.

This study explored the hematological and histopathological effects of tramadol administration in Wistar albino rats. A total of 28 adult rats were allocated into four groups based on sex and treatment status. Tramadol was administered at a dosage of 100 mg/kg daily for four weeks to simulate chronic misuse, while control groups received normal saline. Hematological parameters, such as PCV, RBC, hemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, and differential leukocyte counts, were assessed using an automated hematology analyzer. Additionally, histopathological evaluations of the brain, liver, and kidneys were conducted at post-mortem. The findings revealed significant decreases in PCV, RBC, hemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH, and WBC in the treatment groups, with females experiencing greater changes. MCHC values remained unchanged. Differential leukocyte analysis showed decreased neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and monocyte counts, while basophil counts were unaffected. Histopathological analysis indicated tramadol-induced alterations in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test highlighted notable sex-specific differences in hematological parameters between treatment and control groups. These results emphasized the hemotoxic and organ-specific risks associated with tramadol misuse, with females exhibiting higher susceptibility to hematological changes. The study highlighted the importance of careful monitoring of tramadol use due to its potential impact on critical physiological and histological functions.

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of blood meal supplement on growth performance and hematological parameters changes in broiler chicks. The experiment was carried out with 40 selected homogenous sex and weight broiler chicks having 10 for each group. The lay out of the study was conducted with control group A, fed only with standard commercial broiler ration and other groups viz. B, C, and D were fed with standard commercial ration in addition to 2.5 %, 5.0 %, and 7.5% blood meal supplement with water respectively for 15 days (21st to 35th days of age). The activities of broiler chicks, growth performance, weight loss or gain and any kind of abnormalities were closely observed in every day and the body weight was recorded at 7 days interval. During feeding of blood meal all treated groups were found increased body weight at different level.The blood meal supplied to the broiler chicks increased the growth performance that was directly proportional to the rate of blood meal supplement with water, because the ration was fixed for every group. In hematological observations, TEC, Hb concentration and PCV were decreased but rapid decreasing occurs in group (B) that was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). In this experiment during feeding of blood meal no clinical symptoms were found markedly. But slight symptoms occur when fed 7.5 % blood meal.The data were analyzed by least significance difference (LSD) with a compute program SPSS-11.50 (Statistical packages for social sciences). Keywords: Blood meal; Hematological parameters; Growth performance DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4829 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 321-326, 2008

The present study assessed the safety/toxicity of Senecio scandens, a well-known Chinese herb that is used as an anti-inflammatory, antibiosis, and antipyretic drug. A 90-d subchronic oral toxicity study of S. scandens was performed in Wistar rats. The extract of S. scandens was administered orally to male and female rats at a single dose of 225, 450, and 900 mg/kg/d. There was no obvious toxicity. Certain changes in hematology and coagulation parameters (red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count (PLT), monocyte percentage (Mo%), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT)) were observed in some administration groups. In regards to the blood biochemical parameters, the levels of creatinine (CRN), potassium, and chloride were increased in a number of the treated rats. There were no significant changes in other hematology, coagulation, or biochemical parameters in rats orally administered S. scandens. S. scandens has a slight effect on rat coagulation and metabolism systems. The herb was safe at all doses tested, but caution should be taken when administering S. scandens at higher doses.

Changes in the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters in STZ-Induced diabetic rats and the ameliorative effect of Kigelia africana fruit extract