Abstract
This study aimed to identify the time trends of blood Cd concentrations and their correlation with the Cd-B and the intakes of food groups as an influencing factor for Cd exposure among the general population in South Korea. During seven Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2005 to 2017, a total of 9578 individuals (4317 men and 5261 women) participated in a 24 h recall test for a dietary survey and a blood-metal survey using physical examinations performed in the same survey year. The blood Cd concentration was observed to decrease significantly (p < 0.05) from 1.51 µg/L in 2005 to 0.76 µg/L in 2017. In terms of the food groups, grains and cereals, potatoes and starch, and fruits were significantly correlated with the corresponding Cd concentrations and also showed decreased intakes. For Koreans, the observed decrease in blood Cd concentrations was probably caused by a decrease in the intake of food groups of plant origin.
Highlights
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known toxic metal naturally present in the environment.Environmental exposure to toxic metals has particular importance due to the long biological half-lives of such metals
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is the largest epidemiological survey performed by the South
In Korea and many other countries, almost all the Cd exposure among the general population occurs through food intake [14]
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known toxic metal naturally present in the environment. Environmental exposure to toxic metals has particular importance due to the long biological half-lives of such metals. Humans are continuously exposed to such metals over their lifetimes, albeit at low concentrations [1,2,3]. Like background environmental exposure, can vary over time. The time-trend management of exposure to hazardous materials, in accordance with the Environmental Health Act in Korea, aims for the well-being of the general population. As components of epidemiological surveys undertaken by the South Korean government, nationwide surveys were conducted. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is the largest epidemiological survey performed by the South
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