Abstract
Spontaneous blood clotting in pulmonary circulation caused by thrombo-inflammation is one of the main mortality causes during the COVID-19 disease. Blood clotting leads to reduced pulmonary circulation and blood oxygenation. Lung inflammation can be evaluated with noninvasive diagnostic techniques. However, the correlation of the severity of the inflammation with the pulmonary blood flow has not been established. To address this question, in this work, we develop a multiscale model taking into account the interaction of a local model of thrombus growth with 1D hemodynamics in a vessel network. Flux reduction depending on the level of lung obstruction is evaluated. In particular, the model obtains that an obstruction level of 5% leads to a 12% reduction of blood flux. The suggested approach can be used to investigate the interaction of blood clotting and flow not only in the pulmonary network but also in other complex vessel networks.
Highlights
The coronavirus disease provoked by the SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by an increased risk of spontaneous blood clotting leading to deep vein thrombosis [1], cerebral thrombosis [2] and disseminated clotting in the lungs [3]
Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced during infection development, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17 and many others, promote endothelial dysfunction, initiating the blood coagulation cascade at the vessel walls [5]; TNF-α inhibits thrombomodulin expressed by the endothelial cells whose complex with thrombin activates protein C, which provides one of the main mechanisms of clot growth arrest; IL-17 inhibits CD39, which is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation [11]
We develop in the present work a novel method to study the interaction of blood clotting with hemodynamics in a complex vessel network
Summary
The coronavirus disease provoked by the SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by an increased risk of spontaneous blood clotting leading to deep vein thrombosis [1], cerebral thrombosis [2] and disseminated clotting in the lungs [3]. Observed during the coronavirus disease upregulate blood clotting [5] This is dangerous in pulmonary blood circulation where obstructive thrombosis can lead to a reduction in the oxygenation level with some severe cases where even mechanical lung ventilating can appear inefficient. The connection between obstructive thrombosis in the lungs and the blood flow in pulmonary circulation and the level of oxygenation are most likely impossible to investigate with the clinical methods on the real patients. The quasi-1D model is derived under the assumption that the vessel length is much larger than its diameter and that the flow is radially symmetric. The latter assumption is satisfied everywhere except the clot area. A comparison with the direct numerical simulations of the 2D problem shows that the 1D approximation is applicable in the clot area
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
