Abstract
One promising field in neurovascular diseases investigation is the use of biomarkers to guide stroke etiology diagnosis and classification. Since treatment differs among etiologic subtypes and nowadays many patients receive a diagnosis of undetermined stroke, biomarkers might become an important additional diagnostic tool. In this review we update current knowledge about biomarkers related with cardioembolic stroke etiology (such as BNP and D-dimer proteins, or PITX2 and ZFHX3 genes), that in the future, might allow rapidly guiding other diagnostic tests and accelerating the onset of an optimal secondary prevention.
Highlights
The use of plasma biomarkers is getting increasingly popular in several fields of medicine
Specificity of 93.2% and in a sensitivity of 59.3%. In this direction and in the largest study ever conducted on biomarkers and stroke etiology, high levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and D-dimer were independent predictors of CE stroke in 707 ischemic stroke patients [16]
Using RNA microarrays technology, they found 23 genes that can differentiate both etiologies with a high grade of specificity/sensitivity. Those patients suffering a large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke showed an inflammatory profile, since they had upregulated genes expressed in platelets and monocytes, both of them involved in the development of the atherosclerotic plaque
Summary
Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron and Neurovascular Unit Neurology Department.
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