Abstract
Abstract Virus and virus-like diseases occur on cultivated and wild blackberries (Rubus) throughout the United States. “Blackberries” in this review will include members of the Rubus subgenus Batus, as well as blackberry-raspberry (subgenus Idaeobatus) hybrids. These diseases cause recognizable symptoms or severely weaken the plants in a few cases. Most of them, however, are latent and depress plant vigor and yield only moderately. The causal agents of some of these diseases are not known, and future research may reveal that they are not viruses. The term “virus diseases” will be used hereafter to cover all graft-transmissible virus and virus-like diseases. Virus and virus-like agents (i.e., mycoplasmas, rickettsias, and viroids) will continue to cause their effects for the life of the plant and are graft-transmissible or otherwise identifiable by sap transmission, serology, or electron microscopy (14).
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