Abstract
The novel lead-free ferroelectric relaxor system [Formula: see text](Bi([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text](1[Formula: see text]BaTiO3 ([Formula: see text]BZN(1[Formula: see text]BT) has received interest as a high-capacity relaxor dielectric material. Small quantities (< 10.0 mol.%) of BZN-based dopant had significant impacts on the structure of the BaTiO3 host. This study evaluates the effect of BZN additions to the BaTiO3 host up to [Formula: see text]BZN = 10.0%. Initial additions of BZN were observed to stabilize tetragonal and orthorhombic coexistence at 295 K, alongside increasing dielectric constant. Peak dielectric constant and polarization were observed at [Formula: see text] < 4.0%, coinciding with maximum orthorhombic intensity and a local minima in tetragonal intensity. Compositions 0 < [Formula: see text] < 4.0% showed increasing polarization and a drop in [Formula: see text] and classical ferroelectric properties. No significant dielectric dispersion was observed for compositions [Formula: see text] < 4.0% over the frequency range 5–640 kHz. Compositions at [Formula: see text] > 4.0% showed the onset of dielectric relaxation alongside a drop in polarization coincident with a drop in the tetragonal [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio and the onset of the cubic phase at 295 K. Peak piezoelectric, dielectric and polarization values occurred over the range 3.8% < [Formula: see text] < 4.0%, alongside maximum orthorhombic intensity. Subsequent BZN additions showed a rapid onset of dielectric relaxation, alongside an increase in cubic intensity and a continuous drop in [Formula: see text] with a minima near [Formula: see text] = 7.0%. Tetragonal presence at 295 K also vanished to zero at [Formula: see text] = 7.0%. Polarization loops ceased showing ferroelectric characteristics at [Formula: see text] > 5.0%, showing a transition from lossy relaxor dielectric to low-loss relaxor dielectric at [Formula: see text] > 10.0%.
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