Bismuth-rich oxyhalide (Bi7O9I3–Bi4O5Br2) solid-solution photocatalysts for the degradation of phenolic compounds under visible light

Abstract

HypothesisThe development of solid-solution photocatalysts with tunable bandgaps and band structures, which are significant factors that influence their photocatalytic properties, is crucial. ExperimentsWe fabricated a series of novel bismuth-rich Bi7O9I3–Bi4O5Br2 solid-solution photocatalysts with controlled I:Br molar ratios (denoted as B-IxBr1-x, x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.6) via a rapid, facile, and energy-efficient microwave-heating route. The photodegradations under visible-light irradiation of the phenolic compounds (4-nitrophenol (4NP), 3-nitrophenol (3NP), and bisphenol A (BPA)), and the simultaneous photodegradation of BPA and rhodamine B (RhB) in a coexisting BPA − RhB system were investigated. FindingsThe B-I0.3Br0.7 solid solution provided the highest photocatalytic activity toward 4NP degradation, with degradation rates 32 and 4 times higher than those of Bi7O9I3 and Bi4O5Br2, respectively. The photodegradation efficiency of the studied phenolic compounds followed the order BPA (97.5%) > 4NP (72.8%) > 3NP (27.5%). The RhB-sensitization mechanism significantly enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of BPA. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated the efficient separation and migration of charge carriers in the B-I0.3Br0.7 solid solution, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity. The B-I0.3Br0.7 solid solution effectively activated molecular oxygen to produce •O2−, which subsequently produced other reactive species, including H2O2 and •OH, as revealed by reactive-species trapping, nitroblue tetrazolium transformation, and o-tolidine oxidation experiments.