Abstract
As a population-based national surveillance region, Tianning District confronts with great challenges in birth defects (BDs) prevention. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of BDs in infants (including dead fetus, stillbirth, or live birth between 28 weeks of gestation and 42 days after birth) in Tianning District from 2014 to 2018. The data was collected from the national birth defect surveillance system. The prevalence rates of BDs were calculated by poisson distribution. Trends of incidence and the associations of regarding perinatal characteristics with BDs were analyzed by poisson regression. During the study period, the prevalence of BD was 155.49 per 10,000 infants. The ten leading BDs were congenital heart defects (CHD), polydactyly, Congenital malformation of kidney (CMK), syndactyly, cleft palate, hypospadias, Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), congenital atresia of rectum and anus, congenital talipes equinovarus (CTE), and microtia. A significant increase in the prevalence of CHD was observed with a prevalence rate ratio (PRR) of 1.191. Gravidity ≥ 3 (PRR = 1.38) and multiple births (PRR = 2.88) were risk factors for BDs. Premature delivery (PRR = 4.29), fetal death or stillbirth (PRR = 24.79), and infant death (PRR = 43.19) were adverse consequences of BDs. Strengthening publicity and education, improving the ability of diagnosis and monitoring, expanding surveillance time quantum of BDs system may be warranted.
Highlights
Birth defects (BDs) or congenital anomalies are defined as a series of structural, functional, or metabolic disorders during the development of the embryo or fetus [1]
External birth defects were diagnosed with physical examination, visceral anomalies were mainly diagnosed with ultrasonography or ray examination, and chromosomal or genetic diseases were diagnosed with molecular diagnostic methods
From 2014 to 2018, 28,040 infants were registered and 436 birth defects (BDs) were diagnosed in Tianning District, resulting in an incidence of 155.49 per 10,000 infants
Summary
Birth defects (BDs) or congenital anomalies are defined as a series of structural, functional, or metabolic disorders during the development of the embryo or fetus [1]. It was estimated that the incidence rate of BDs in low-income, developing, and developed countries were 64.2, 55.7, and 47.2 per 1,000 live births, respectively [3]. In China, 5.6% of total newborns were born with BDs annually, about the level of developing countries [4]. The prevalence rates of different BDs have changed immensely in the last few decades [4]. The incidence rates of limb reduction and neural tube defect (NTD) declined tremendously [5], while the prevalence rate of CHD was found to show an increasing trend globally [6].
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