Abstract
We investigated the bird composition and preference at visiting the sacred figs (Ficus sp.) and its adjacent area in two villages of Tengger tribe: Ngadas and Poncokusumo, Malang, Indonesia. We applied the point count method and the sacred tree became the center of point count circle. We recorded 16154 individual birds in 35 days of observation, consisted of 46 species and 24 families. The bird composition composed of 362 predators, 9452 insectivores, 6029 omnivores, 278 nectarivores, and 33 frugivores. The observed bird were recorded utilizing seedling (652 individuals), sapling (3122 individuals), pole (3440 individuals), perching on a tree (2782 individuals), and flying overs (6158 individuals). Most of the insectivores were recorded flying over, where this character is owned by Cave Swiftlet. Figs, as an important component at the sacred area, provides many important component that could support the bird life and regeneration process. The presence of sacred tree also improving the relation between birds and plants, higher than those in the urban area or natural forest, and resulted a positive impact to the sustainable system of its surrounding agriculture.Keywords: Bird, fig, sacred area, Bromo Tengger Semeru
Highlights
The sacred place of Tengger is an evident of traditional conservation created by local wisdom
Sanggar Pamujan located on the highest ground of the village and Dhanyangan is a sacred place for protecting water resources
This place becomes a place for praying and serving sesajen in Tengger belief [5, 6]. Both location is marked by the presence of an old Fig tree (Ficus sp.) that sacred by the Tengger tribe
Summary
The sacred place of Tengger is an evident of traditional conservation created by local wisdom. Sanggar Pamujan located on the highest ground of the village and Dhanyangan is a sacred place for protecting water resources. This place becomes a place for praying and serving sesajen (the sacred food) in Tengger belief [5, 6]. Five survey points were chosen to represent each microhabitat in three sacred sites that adjacent to agricultural and settlement area: Dhanyangan and Sanggar Pamujan in Gubugklakah village (Figs crown volume approximately = 1802 m3, 1701 m3), Sanggar Pamujan in Ngadas (Figs crown volume approximately = 1781 m3) (Fig.). We surveyed two sites that is not sacred by the tribe at the conventional field in Gubugklakah and Ngadas village. Identification was conducted by using field guide book [16]
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