Abstract
Biphenyls are unique phytoalexins de novo synthesized in plants in response to pathogen attack. These compounds are found in Maloideae, a subfamily of the Rosaceae. The anti-microbial activities of biphenyls have been reported in a number of studies and they appear to represent an important defense strategy against pathogens common in the Maloideae, such as species in Malus, Pyrus, Sorbus, and Chaenomeles. Here, cell suspension cultures of Sorbus pohuashanensis were established to study biphenyl phytoalexins formation after yeast extract (YE) treatment. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) LC−MS/MS was applied to determine the time course of these biphenyl biomarkers accumulation in YE-treated S. pohuashanensis suspension cells. The results of quantitative analyses show the content of Noraucuparin, 2′-Hydroxyaucuparin, and their glycosides initially increased, then decreased over time. The Noraucuparin content reached its highest (225.76 μg·g−1) at 18 h after treatment, 6 hours earlier than that of Noraucuparin 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. The content of 2′-Hydroxyaucuparin reached its highest (422.75 μg·g−1) at 30 h after treatment, also earlier than that of its glycoside. The understanding of phytoalexin metabolism in this study may provide a basis for improving Maloideae resistance to pathogens.
Highlights
Phytoalexins, anti-microbial compounds with a low molecular weight that form at local infection sites and other areas, are vital biochemical responses of plants to infections by pathogen, and their formation and accumulation are part of the plant’s resistance mechanisms [1]
20 -O-βD -glucopyranoside were not detectable at 0 h or 6 h. These results and 2′-Hydroxyaucuparin 2′-O-βD-glucopyranoside were not detectable at 0 h or 6 h. These results indicate that Noraucuparin and 2 -Hydroxyaucuparin could transfer to their downstream indicate that Noraucuparin and 2′-Hydroxyaucuparin could transfer to their downstream mediatorsmediators but alsobut to their viaviaglycosyltransferase
Analysis of the effects different yeast extract (YE) treatment times on the contents of the four biphenyl seen in phytoalexins,0 increased before decreasing over treatment time
Summary
Phytoalexins, anti-microbial compounds with a low molecular weight that form at local infection sites and other areas, are vital biochemical responses of plants to infections by pathogen, and their formation and accumulation are part of the plant’s resistance mechanisms [1]. Maloideae, including a number of economically important fruit trees, such as apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis), could de novo synthesize phytoalexins after infection by bacteria and fungi. As one of the anti-pathogen mechanisms, biphenyls and dibenzofurans may enhance the resistance of Maloideae to pathogens. Other species in Sorbus, such as S. aucuparia, Molecules 2016, 21, 1180; doi:10.3390/molecules21091180 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules dibenzofurans after infection of pathogens or reported treated with elicitorsbiphenyls like yeastand extract (YE) [8,9,10],after but
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