Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized with natural reductants has attracted the attention of researchers because it is environmentally friendly and non-toxic. In this study, ZnO was prepared using Sandoricum koetjape (S. koetjape) peel extract. An aqueous extract of S. koetjape peel was used as biological reduction agent for the synthesis of ZnO from zinc nitrate hexahydrate. The ZnO powder obtained was annealed at different temperatures i.e, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C for 1 hour. Structural, morphological, optical properties, and functional groups of samples were analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, respectively. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that pure hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO particles can be achieved after annealing. The crystal size has also increased with increasing annealing temperature. SEM photo demonstrates the transformation of ZnO particle from spherical to microflower due to annealing. The widest absorption peaks in the UV-Vis spectrum was occurred after annealing at 500°C. The bandgap energy of ZnO increases after annealing from 3.08 eV to 3.20 eV. The FT-IR analysis confirms O-H functional group from extract has been decomposed due to the annealing process. Based on this study, biosynthesized ZnO using Sandoricum koetjape peel extract requires annealing process to improve the purity, enhance the light absorbance and change the microstructure of ZnO.
Highlights
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a metal oxide semiconductor that has been widely applied in materials science due to its unique physical, chemical, and biological properties such as wide light absorbance, chemically stable and nontoxic[1]
Biosynthesis of ZnO based on S. koetjape peel extract has not been investigated
UV-Vis absorption of ZnO 500 °C sample shows a widest absorbance at wavelength range of 350-380 nm with a bandgap energy of ~3.11 eV
Summary
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a metal oxide semiconductor that has been widely applied in materials science due to its unique physical, chemical, and biological properties such as wide light absorbance, chemically stable and nontoxic[1]. Biosynthesis is a method of material synthesis by utilizing media from biological materials such as microorganisms and plants. The plant extracts were used as biostabilizer in the synthesis of ZnO. This role is related to the antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites contained in plants such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. Biosynthesis of ZnO based on S. koetjape peel extract has not been investigated. Synthetics condition such as precursor concentration, pH level, plants extract used and annealing temperature may result different physical and chemical properties of the material. ZnO was synthesized using the fruit peel extract of S. koetjape at various annealing. Structural properties, surface morphology, optical properties and functional groups of ZnO samples synthesized with various annealing temperature were analyzed
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