Abstract
Greener methods for the synthesis of various nanostructures with well-organized characteristics and biomedical applicability have demonstrated several advantages, including simplicity, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Spinel nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanowhiskers with rod-like structures were synthesized using a simple and green method; these nanostructures were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy. Additionally, the prepared nanowhiskers could significantly reduce the survival of Leishmania major promastigotes, at a concentration of 500 μg/mL; the survival of promastigotes was reduced to ≃ 26%. According to the results obtained from MTT test (in vitro), it can be proposed that further studies should be conducted to evaluate anti-leishmaniasis activity of these types of nanowhiskers in animal models.
Highlights
Greener methods for the synthesis of various nanostructures with well-organized characteristics and biomedical applicability have demonstrated several advantages, including simplicity, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness
The production of different nanostructures with well-organized morphologies and sizes is highly demanded by researchers and scientists due to their unique applications and properties[3,4,5,6,7]
This bio-based method has some important advantages of low toxicity and eco-friendliness, and for the creation of nanostructures, plant extracts act as natural reducing[49] and stabilizing a gents[50,51,52]
Summary
Greener methods for the synthesis of various nanostructures with well-organized characteristics and biomedical applicability have demonstrated several advantages, including simplicity, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. One of the important drawbacks with these methods is the dependence on expensive equipment or energy consumption, which is directly or indirectly a threat to environmental health 42 To solve this problem, it is necessary to discover environmentally friendly production methods for the synthesis of nanostructures 43–47. The application of plant extracts for synthesizing nanostructures is in accordance with the principles of green chemistry This bio-based method has some important advantages of low toxicity and eco-friendliness, and for the creation of nanostructures, plant extracts act as natural reducing[49] and stabilizing a gents[50,51,52]. The active ingredients in rosemary have suitable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects
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