Abstract
Neem leaves extract was use to synthesize metal (iron and copper) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectrometer. The formation and stability of the reduced metal nanoparticles in the colloidal solution were monitored by UV–Vis spectrophotometer analysis. Their peaks of CuNPs and FeNPs were determined with a particles size in the range of 250nm-550nm and 250nm-350nm and have shapes of spherical and dendrimer respectively. The zone of inhibition by CuNP on gram negative bacteria (Staphylococcus Aureus) is 20mm ± 1 while on gram positive bacteria (Escherichia Coli) is 12.5mm ± 1. Thus, the synthesized metal nanoparticles prove to have very high anti-bacterial activity on both Staphylococci aureus and Escherichia coli. Copper nanoparticles exhibits high antibacterial activity compared to iron nanoparticles.
 Keywords: Copper, Iron, nanoparticles, Anti-bacterial activity
Highlights
Nanoparticles can be synthesized by physical method which is through evaporation, laser ablation, vaporization; while chemical method which is the second method is one which the metal ions in solution is reduced in conditions favoring the subsequent formation of small metal clusters or aggregates
Biosynthesis is a form of chemical method that chemicals that are not harmful and naturally occurring reducing agent such as plant extract or biological microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria are used It was reported that the metal nanoparticles formation is as the result of the antioxidant and reducing property of the phytochemicals, (Subhankari and Nayak, 2013)
Preparation for Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs): In copper nanoparticles synthesis, the crude plant extract is mixed with the aqueous solution of Cu (NO3)2.3H2O in 1:4 proportion. 25cm3 of prepared crude Neem leaf extract is mixed with 100cm3 of 0.001M Cu(NO3)2. 3H2O solution and solution was allowed for a day in dark place
Summary
Nanoparticles can be synthesized by physical method which is through evaporation, laser ablation, vaporization; while chemical method which is the second method is one which the metal ions in solution is reduced in conditions favoring the subsequent formation of small metal clusters or aggregates. The plant that is studied in this work is Azadirchta indica (Neem); it is a tree in mahogany family. A simple one step method for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles by the reduction of aqueous copper and iron ions using leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica at room temperature without using any additive protecting the metal nanoparticles from aggregation. The production of the copper and iron nanoparticles through bio-reduction of copper and iron ions by the Azadirachta indica leaf extract and their antibacterial test in this work may provide valuable technical parameters for industrialization of the biosynthetic technique and further antibacterial application of the nanoparticles. The objective of this paper is to biosynthesize nanoparticles of copper and iron using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract and evaluate their anti-bacterial activity
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