Abstract
The adsorption capacity of Syringa vulgaris L. (the common lilac) hull was investigated in this study for methylene blue dye removal. Biosorption assays were performed with varying dye concentration, contact time, pH, biosorbent dosage and temperature. Besides, the equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics of the process were designated for the evaluation of the biosorption process. According to the results, removal of the dye reached up to 97.5% for the optimized reaction conditions (adsorbent dose: 2.5 g; stirring speed: 150 rpm; initial dye conc. 5 mg/L; temperature: 333 K; agitation time: 30 min and pH: 6). Kinetic study recommended the pseudo-second order kinetic model with regression coefficient (R2 > 0.999) as being able to better define kinetic data than pseudo-first order and Elovich kinetic models. The biosorption isotherm data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin isotherms for the proposed biosorption process. The endothermic and spontaneous nature of the proposed process was revealed by the thermodynamic studies. Finally, it is concluded that S. vulgaris L. hull biomass can be employed as an economically reasonable, eco-friendly, and sustainable biosorbent in the treatment of industrial effluents containing methylene blue-like dyes.
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