Abstract
A biopsy is a medical procedure that involves extracting a small tissue sample from a living individual for diagnostic examination. Biopsies can be broadly categorized into two types: tissue and liquid biopsies. Tissue biopsy entails removing a sample for microscopic analysis, while liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive technique that analyzes biological fluids, primarily blood, for cancer-related materials, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Both methods aim to provide representative samples with minimal patient discomfort. Biopsies are crucial diagnostic tools in various medical fields, aiding in the diagnosis and management of conditions such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and skin disorders. However, inadequate techniques and poor handling can lead to misdiagnosis. This review highlights recent biopsy techniques and outlines the general principles governing oral biopsies, emphasizing the importance of thorough patient assessment and proper procedural protocols.
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