Abstract
Introduction: Recently, new plates with locking screws have been developed and used for medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare biomechanical properties of different internal fixations in open-wedge HTO using the two currently available locking plates. Methods: Eight paired fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremities were vertically embedded in steel boxes. The axial compression load was applied to the legs using the mechanical testing machine. The axial compression load test from 0 N to 550 N and the failure test were performed before and after HTO. One side of the leg of a specimen was fixed with the Puddu locking plate and the other side was fixed with the TomoFix plate to compare the two plates using the same specimen. A mode of failure and vertical displacement of the medial and lateral parts of the tibia at the osteotomy gap was recorded using a video camera in the failure test. The load–displacement data were analyzed to calculate stiffness, failure load, and displacement at failure. Results: The mean failure load was 1471.4 N and 1692.3 N and total vertical displacement at failure was 3.1 mm and 2.9 mm with the Puddu and TomoFix plates, respectively. During axial compression loading, displacements mainly occurred at the lateral osteotomy gap, while the medial gap was well preserved. No significant differences were observed in the failure load, displacement, or mode of failure between the two plates. Conclusions: The Puddu and TomoFix plates had similar biomechanical properties in open-wedge HTO. The results indicated reliable stability after open-wedge HTO without fibular osteotomy.
Highlights
New plates with locking screws have been developed and used for medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO)
Two widely used plates include the TomoFix, which is a titanium long plate, and the Puddu plate, which is short with a block incorporated; favorable postoperative results were reported [1] [2]
No significant differences were observed in the measured mean values of stiffness for the intact bones between the Puddu and TomoFix groups (Figure 2)
Summary
New plates with locking screws have been developed and used for medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Results: The mean failure load was 1471.4 N and 1692.3 N and total vertical displacement at failure was 3.1 mm and 2.9 mm with the Puddu and TomoFix plates, respectively. Two widely used plates include the TomoFix, which is a titanium long plate, and the Puddu plate, which is short with a block incorporated; favorable postoperative results were reported [1] [2] These plates are believed to achieve more rigid fixation compared with conventional plates, and several biomechanical studies have reported on the mechanical properties of each plate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the biomechanical properties of different internal fixations in open-wedge HTO using the two currently available locking plates
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