Biomarker panel for early detection in uterine cancer: a review

Uterine cancer is the numerous prevalent cancers of the female reproductive tract in industrialized as well as developing countries and its probability is arising annually. There is a total of approximated 90,000 mortality and 382,000 instances newly cases treated annually globally. The desire to create and define biological markers for the initial stages detection and therapy of uterine cancer is growing. We analyze the current state of biomarker utilization for early detection, including their sensitivity and specificity, paving the way for timely interventions. Several biomarkers, including P53, K-RAS, CA-125, HER2/neu, HE4, PTEN, MSI, ARID1A,Ki-67, microRNAs, DNA aneuploidy, estrogen and progesterone receptors are used for early detection, treatment, and prevention of uterine cancer. Oncogene biomarkers such as VEGF, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and PI3K-AKT- mTOR signalling pathways plays a crucial roles in cancer progression, offering promising targets for therapeutic intervention and prognostic assessment. Prognostic and emerging biomarkers L1CAM, MMR proteins, CTCs shed form primary tumors into the bloodstream, offer insights into tumour dissemination and treatment response. In conclusion, early detection through all biomarkers holds great promise for early diagnosis and treatment advancements, as well as providing hope for better results and a higher standard of living for individuals in future generations. This review aims to provide a holistic understanding of uterine cancer biology and its clinical implications.

Introduction Urinary microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as promising biomarkers for non-invasive early detection of prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to identify multi-miRNA urinary biomarker panel for early detection of PCa. Methods Urine samples from 83 PCa patients and 88 healthy control subjects in a Chinese population were collected for miRNA profiling. The absolute expression of 360 unique miRNAs were measured in each sample using a highly sensitive and robust RT-qPCR workflow. Candidate urinary miRNA biomarkers were identified based on differential expression between PCa patients and healthy controls. Multi-miRNA biomarker panels were optimised for detection of PCa using three regression algorithms (Lasso, Stepwise, Exhaustive) to identify an optimal biomarker panel with best detection performance and least number of miRNAs. Results A total of 312 miRNAs were detected in urine samples, 10 candidate urinary miRNA biomarkers differentially expressed between PCa and healthy samples were identified. A panel comprising these 10 miRNAs detected PCa with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.738. Optimization of multi-miRNA panels resulted in a 6-miRNA biomarker panel (hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-520d-5p, hsa-miR-199b-5p, hsa-miR-518e-5p, hsa-miR-31-3p and hsa-miR-4306) that had an AUC of 0.750. Conclusion We identified a urinary miRNA biomarker panel for early detection of PCa in a Chinese population.

Combining the biomarkers macrophage inhibitory factor, osteopontin and prolactin with CA-125 improves early detection of ovarian cancer

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 is upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and confers a poor prognosis

The biological functions of circular RNA (circRNAs) in cancers have garnered significant attention, particularly for their potential as biomarkers. However, the roles of circRNAs in ovarian cancer (OC) and their applicability for early detection of this malignancy remain underexplored. We performed RNA sequencing on ovarian cancer cell lines to identify circRNAs associated with OC. The functional mechanisms of the identified circRNAs were elucidated through bioinformatics analysis. The discriminating ability of biomarkers was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 170 known circRNAs were correlated with ovarian cancer. Through the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, we identified 9 circRNAs that interact with 8 miRNAs, subsequently regulating the expression of 324 mRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and hub gene analysis indicated that these circRNAs and miRNAs may play a role in regulating MAPK, Wnt, and ErbB signaling pathways. We validated these circRNAs and miRNAs expression profiles in cell, tissue, and plasma samples, identifying four candidates-hsa_circ_0049101, hsa_circ_0007440, hsa_circ_0006935, and hsa-miR-338-3p-that expression level positively correlate with ovarian cancer development. These markers were then combined into a circRNA and miRNA detection (CMD) panel for ovarian cancer detection. The area under the curve (AUC) values obtained from ROC analysis demonstrated that these individual candidates, as well as the CMD panel, exhibited superior discriminatory ability for OC compared to traditional biomarkers such as CA125, HE4, and the ROMA index in our sample set, which included 28 healthy controls and 22 ovarian cancer patients. Notably, the CMD panel showed exceptional potential for distinguishing early-stage OC samples from healthy controls, achieving an AUC of 1. In this study, we elucidated the functional mechanisms of a set of circRNAs associated with OC through multi-omics analysis and demonstrated that the combination of circRNAs and miRNAs into a biomarker panel holds significant potential for early detection of ovarian cancer.

Background: Our 2004 survey of breast cancer survivors in the Katowice region (Poland) showed that the detection of the disease was triggered by self-examination in 58.9%, mammography in 19.2%, and clinical examination in 19.7% of cases. The purpose of the current study (2019/2020) was to determine if the implementation of national screening (mammography) in 2007 resulted in an increase of the relative contribution of mammography to detection of cancer. Methods: Subjects were 215 breast cancer patients, members of self-support groups in Katowice region. The questionnaire included questions on early detection of breast cancer, participation in screening, and socio-economic status. Results: Early detection of cancer was initiated by self-examination in 63.7%, mammography in 22.8%, clinical examination in 13.5% of subjects. Age at detection depended on the method (p < 0.001): 54.1 ± 10.8 years for self-examination, 60.0 ± 7.6 years for mammography, and 58.7 ± 10.8 years for clinical examination. Conclusions: Both in 2004 and 2020 self-examination is the most frequent method of early detection of breast cancer in the study area. The contribution of mammography remains on a low level (23%). This finding could be explained by a low participation in screening and by age of 50 years used as the entry criterion to national screening of breast cancer in Poland.

MEK inhibition overcomes resistance to EphA2-targeted therapy in uterine cancer

Biomarker panel for early detection of endometrial cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer screening trial

Endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma represent the two major types of uterine cancer. In advanced stages, both cancer entities are challenging to treat and correlate with a meagre survival and prognosis. Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a form of localized chemotherapy that is heated to improve the chemotherapeutic effect on peritoneal metastases. The aim of the current review is to study the role of HIPEC in the treatment of uterine cancer. A literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases with a view to identifying relevant studies. By employing the search terms "hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy", "uterine cancer", "endometrial cancer", and/or "uterine sarcoma", we managed to identify 26 studies published between 2004 and 2023. The present work embodies the most up-to-date, comprehensive review of the literature centering on the particular role of HIPEC as treatment modality for peritoneally metastasized uterine cancer. Patients treated with cytoreductive surgery, alongside HIPEC, seem to profit from not only higher survival but also lower recurrence rates. Factors such as the completeness of cytoreductive surgery, the peritoneal cancer index, the histologic subtype, or the applied chemotherapeutic agent, all influence HIPEC therapy effectiveness. In summary, HIPEC seems to represent a promising treatment alternative for aggressive uterine cancer.

Endometrial biopsy can be used to diagnose endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, and uterine infections. This cost-effective procedure has minimal side effects, and complications are rare. The purpose of this clinical bulletin is to provide clinicians with guidance about endometrial biopsy including the procedure's advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications, and side effects. In addition, step-by-step instructions for performing endometrial biopsy, the equipment required, selection of sampling devices, and care before and after the procedure are discussed.

Progress and Challenges in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance

EP1.11-07 Development of a Chromosome Instabilities in Plasma Cell-Free DNA Assay for Early Lung Cancer Detection and Treatment Response Monitoring

The article describes the stages of early detection of uterine body cancer in patients with morbid obesity. It has been proven that genetic testing for oncogenic mutations of endocervical canal scrapings with a negative cytological conclusion regarding cervical cancer is effective for subsequent screening of uterine body cancer. In morbid obesity, the diagnostic sensitivity of mutation screening for uterine body cancer increases when examining endocervical canal scrapings. When oncogenic mutations are detected in samples from the endocervical canal, the next step is recommended to conduct a cytological examination of endometrial biopsies with sampling using brush technology.

Background :In Indonesia based on Globar Burden of Cancer database, breast cancer is the most cancer who suspecting women reached (26 per 100.000), followed by uterus cancer (16 per 100.000). Based on the Hospital Data Information System (SIRS) in 2007 showed that the incidence of breast cancer reaches 21,69% higher than the figure of cervical cancer 17%. Objective : Determined the relation of knowledge about women of childbearing aware with the early detection of breast cancer in Kelurahan Sindang Barang Bogor. Methods : This reaserch is a type of analytic descriptin with cross sectional design research. Methods of sampling in this research tecnique sample random sampling number of 97 people. The collection of data abtained through thr distribution of questionnaires in the form of the now closed. Result : Based on knowledge about BSE largely WUS 62 respondents (63.9%) and a fraction less knowledgeable 10 respondents (10.3%) good knowledge. Early detection of breast cancer in WUS majority of 55 respondents (56.7%) positive early detection and fraction 42 respondents (43.3%) negative early detection. Relations WUS knowledge about BSE with early detection of breast cancer is the most of 62 respondents (63.9%) less of knowledge among 35 respondents (36.1%) negative early detection and 27 respondents (27.8%) are positive early detection. The test results obtained statistical p value = 0.002 which means there is a significant relationship of two variables. Summary : There is a relatioship between knowledge among women of reproductive age about breast self-examination with early detection of breact cancer at keluarahan Sindang Barang Bogor2015. Suggestion : This research are usefull for healthcare to outreach on knowledge among women of reproductive age about breast self-examination with early detection of breact cancer, so that the women of reproductive age can be find out the information about breast cancer itself.

The two major uterine cancers, squamous carcinoma of the cervix and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, are highly vulnerable to detection technology and, therefore, secondary prevention. High risk groups for each have been defined, cancer precursors described, i.e., dysplasia of the cervix and adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium, and efficient screening methods made available. For the cervical tumor cytologic testing is most appropriate, while histologic screening is more efficient for endometrial precursor lesions. The strategies of approach of these accessible tumors are models for detection and prevention methods elsewhere in the body and we should exploit them to virtual eradication of these uterine tumors.