Biology of Lung Dendritic Cells at the Origin of Asthma

The role of dendritic cells in asthma

Cigarette smoking and mechanisms of susceptibility to infections of the respiratory tract and other organ systems

Variants in Autophagy Genes Affect Susceptibility to Both Crohn's Disease and Helicobacter pylori Infection

TH2 heterogeneity: Does function follow form?

As sensors of invading microorganisms, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed not only on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) but also on epithelial cells. In the TLR family, Tlr11 appears to have the unique feature in that it is expressed primarily on epithelial cells, although it is also expressed on DCs and macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that transcription of the Tlr11 gene is regulated through two cis-acting elements, one Ets-binding site and one interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-binding site. The Ets element interacts with the epithelium-specific transcription factors, ESE-1 and ESE-3, and the IRF motif interacts with IRF-8. Thus, Tlr11 expression on epithelial cells is regulated by the transcription factors that are presumably distinct from transcription factors that regulate the expression of TLRs in innate immune cells such as macrophages and DCs. Our results imply that the distinctive transcription regulatory machinery for TLRs on epithelium may represent a promising new avenue for the development of epithelia-specific therapeutic interventions.

α-MSH-Stimulated Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Induce Functional Regulatory T Cells and Ameliorate Ongoing Skin Inflammation

Interactions between innate and adaptive immunity in asthma pathogenesis: New perspectives from studies on acute exacerbations

Selective 5-Lipoxygenase Expression in Langerhans Cells and Impaired Dendritic Cell Migration in 5-LO-Deficient Mice Reveal Leukotriene Action in Skin

Atopic dermatitis: Therapeutic concepts evolving from new pathophysiologic insights

Active Uptake of Dendritic Cell-Derived Exovesicles by Epithelial Cells Induces the Release of Inflammatory Mediators through a TNF-α-Mediated Pathway

Interferon-stimulated genes and their role in controlling hepatitis C virus

IL-17–producing T cells in lung immunity and inflammation

The Commensal Microbiota and Enteropathogens in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

A Historical Perspective on Sepsis

Rethinking the Pathogenesis of Asthma