Biologically inspired warning patterns deter a passerine, Parus major, from digital turbine blades

Far offshore wind conditions in scope of wind energy

Monitoring the blades of a wind turbine by using videogrammetry

Wind power is a kind of green energy, renewable, pollution-free, inexhaustible, so wind power has a broad market prospects, its technology is also in continuous progress, wind turbine assembly unit capacity is higher and higher, the scale of wind farm is also towards large-scale development. As the capacity of wind turbine assembly increases, the blade diameter of the matching wind turbine needs to be increased correspondingly to obtain more wind energy. Taking offshore wind turbine as a representative, the blade diameter of some wind turbines has reached more than 100 meters. When the blade diameter becomes larger, it will bring a series of problems. The main performance is that the elasticity and flexibility of wind turbine tower, transmission shaft, blades and other main components will increase correspondingly, while the damping value of power electronic components will be smaller. These problems make the fatigue load variable of large wind turbine more complex, which will lead to the low frequency mode of the unit The more complex the modes are, the more complex they are. When the diameter of the wind turbine increases, the pitch angle increases due to tower shadow effect, wind shear and turbulence time-varying factors, which causes the blade to swing and shimmy more significantly, and then causes the fatigue load condition of the wind turbine to be more obvious, which seriously affects the mechanical stress intensity change between various transmission mechanisms of the wind turbine, thus reducing the service life of the wind turbine Limit. With the increase of blade diameter, the frequency of grid flicker will also be caused, which will cause voltage instability and reduce the power quality of grid after the wind turbine is connected to the grid. With the increase of impeller diameter and fan capacity, in recent years, independent variable pitch control technology came into being.Independent pitch control technology not only has the characteristics of centralized pitch control, but also can balance the unbalanced load on variable speed wind turbine, so as to reduce the fatigue load of wind turbine. Therefore, it has been paid attention to in the field of wind power research in the world. There are many research results in this area, but the research on the relationship between independent pitch control strategy and grid flicker is relatively less. The factors causing voltage fluctuation include air density, impeller speed, pitch angle, wind field distribution and power grid condition. This paper analyzes the wind shear and tower shadow effect which cause the vibration of wind turbine, studies the relationship between independent pitch strategy and wind turbine voltage change, proposes a control strategy of independent pitch and designs a controller to control the power of wind turbine during operation The method of voltage variation to make it stable, and then reduce the flicker of power grid, and carry out simulation experiments to verify its effectiveness. The control strategy can reduce the grid flicker at the common point of wind turbine outlet and grid connection, improve the stability of wind turbine grid connection, and improve the overall power quality of the grid.

As a mature renewable energy technology, wind power is an important form of renewable energy power generation. With the increasing installed capacity of wind turbines, the cluster of wind turbines has become more and more popular in china. Wind farms are usually located in open areas, and the wind turbines always stand out from the wind farm, which make the blade of the wind turbines are easily damaged by lightning. So lightning protection of blades is important for the safe operation of wind turbines. In this paper, a calculation model of multiple wind turbines was established in finite element method. Through simulating the electric field distribution of multiple wind turbines under thunder-cloud background and lightning leader, the effects of factors such as lightning leader positions and blade angles of wind turbines on the electric fields distribution of the turbine blades were investigated, and the lightning shielding effect of multiple wind turbines was analyzed. The results show that the variation of the lightning leader position and the blade angle of wind turbines both have influences on the electric field distribution of multiple wind turbines. When the lightning leader position varies in three typical positions, the electric field distributions on the surface of the turbine blades vary with the angle at different positions. When the lightning leader position was unchanged, the variation of wind turbine blade angle would also affect the electric field distribution on the surface of adjacent wind turbine blades. Furthermore, in clustered wind farms the angles of adjacent wind turbine blades are random, and the lightning shielding effect of multiple wind turbines was analyzed considering the influence of blade angle variation on the electric field distribution of adjacent wind turbine blades in this paper. The research results can be regarded as a basis for analyzing lightning strike characteristics of clustered wind farms.

Integrating wind power and solar power plants into a power system has significantly grown over the past decade and is expected to grow to unprecedented levels in the coming years. In Vietnam, much large-scale wind power and solar power plants have been built and connected to the power system in recent years. To investigate and evaluate the impact of these power plants on system power operation, the 110kV power transmission network of Binh Dinh province in Vietnam is used in this paper. In the system, the Phuong Mai 3 wind power plant with a capacity of 21MW, the Fujiwara solar power plant with a peak capacity of 50MWp, and the Cat Hiep solar power plant with a peak capacity of 49.5MWp are modeled by using the PSS/E software to simulate and analyze their impacts on power system stability of the 110kV transmission network in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam. Besides, the control strategies of these power plants are also established to investigate their impacts on the network. In addition, this paper proposes three typical scenarios for the wind power and solar power plants in the system. For each scenario, the grid's operating parameters such as voltage variations and frequency variations are acquired for analyzing and evaluating their impacts on the frequency and voltage variations of the network. The simulation results show that the 110kV power transmission network remains in a stable operation mode after the fault scenarios for the wind and solar power plants. Furthermore, these simulation results provide some guidance for the actual operation

Advancements in materialistic life styles and increasing awareness about adverse climatic changes and its negative effects on human life have been the driving force of finding new and clean sources of energy. Wind power has become technologically mature and commercially acceptable on global scale. However, fossil fuels have been the major sources of energy in most countries, renewable energy (particularly wind) is now booming worldwide. To cope with this wind energy technology, various related aspects have to be understood by the scientific, engineering, utility, and contracting communities. This study is an effort towards the understanding of the (i) wind turbine blade and tower structural stability issues, (ii) turbine blade and tower failures and remedial measures, (iii) weather and seismic effects on turbine blade and tower failures, (iv) gear box failures, and (v) turbine blade and tower failure analysis tools.

Estimation of dynamic characteristics of a wind turbine blade

The transition to renewable energy is essential to combat climate change, ensure sustainability, guarantee energy security, and drive global socio-economic progress. Depletable energy sources, e.g. coal, oil, along with natural gas, are going to end, making the shift toward renewable alternatives like wind, solar, and geothermal energy crucial. It can be expected that wind energy will play a vital factor in the world's clean energy transition. In India, wind power contributes 10% of the total energy production, with its adoption dating back to 1985. Micro wind turbines, designed for decentralized electricity generation, differ from large wind farms by catering to individual homes, businesses, and small-scale applications. To maximize wind power efficiency, various design considerations are necessary in the pre-design phase. These include optimal turbine location, blade geometry, and material selection to ensure durability and efficiency. The surrounding buildings significantly impact wind flow patterns, influencing turbine performance. Methods such as CFD simulation, field data collection along with wind tunnel testing can help to analyze the wind potential and turbine efficiency. CFD simulations model fluid flows, heat transfer, and related dynamics, aiding in turbine optimization. Results indicate that strategic turbine placement and structural modifications enhance wind capture, accelerating power generation. With continuous advancements, wind energy is set to become a cornerstone of renewable energy solutions. Innovations in turbine technology and aerodynamics will further improve efficiency, reinforcing wind power’s role in achieving a sustainable energy future.

Smart Wind Turbine: Analysis and Autonomous Flap

Feasibility analysis of novel aerodynamic braking system for horizontal axis wind turbines

There is significant volumes of construction and commissioning of solar and wind power plants since 2014 in the United power system of Russia, therefore new engineering tasks are being set for Russian power engineers. Operating modesof solar and wind power plants directly depend on external uncontrollable factors - solar and wind activity. An additional feature of the planning of the wind and solar power plants operation modes is their instantaneous termination of power output in the event of the disappearance of the wind or the sun, respectively. Therefore, the termination of the power output is a "failure", which creates an imbalance of active power in the system. To cover it, it is necessary to place active power reserves at the thermal or hydro power plants in advance, and the value of this reserve should be equal to the capacity of the largest wind and/or solar power plant. Systematic and consolidated information on the composition, quantity and installed capacity of wind and solar power plants in the United power system of Russia is not published in the public domain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish the quantity and installed capacity of wind and solar power plants, as well as to identify the most powerful wind and solar power plants in Russia.

Over the last century, the growing demand for clean energy has emphasized wind energy as a promising solu-tion to address contemporary energy challenges. Within the realm of wind energy, the wind turbine plays a pivotal role in harnessing the kinetic energy of the wind and converting it into electrical power. Among the various components of the wind turbine system, turbine blades assume a critical role in capturing the wind's kinetic energy and converting it into rotational motion. Consequently, the design of wind turbine blades holds the utmost importance in determining the overall performance and efficiency of the entire wind turbine system. One essential aspect of blade design involves selecting an appropriate airfoil. Throughout history, numerous airfoil profiles have been developed for various applications. Notably, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) airfoils have been tailored for aircraft and large-scale wind turbine blades, respectively. However, the quest for suitable airfoil types for small-scale wind turbine blades has been ongoing. This study delves into an examination of over 62 distinct NACA and NREL aerofoil types tailored for small horizontal-axis wind turbine blades. Employing specialized software, namely QBlade, specifically designed for modeling and simulating wind turbine blades, the study calculates key parameters such as power output, stress, deformation, and weight for each airfoil. Subsequently, based on the simulated data, the optimal airfoil is identified using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria selection approach. This selection process takes into account simulation results pertaining to power output, stress, deformation, and weight. The decision-making process involving multiple criteria is facilitated using Excel and Python. The findings of this study reveal that among the 62 airfoil types under consideration, the NACA 0024, NACA 2424, and NACA 4424 airfoils emerge as the most suitable choices for small horizontal-axis wind turbine blades.

Computational fluid dynamics and turbulence modelling in various blades of Savonius turbines for wind and hydro energy: Progress and perspectives

This review aims at highlighting on an attempt for exploring the feasibility of utilizing bamboo-based composite for wind turbine blade material. Turbine blades, which play an important role in wind turbine operation, demand uniformity and low variability in the material properties used. However, the current materials of turbine blade which mainly based on glass fibre-reinforced composites (GFRP) have some disadvantages as they tend to be abrasive and are difficult to dispose of at the end of their lifetime. Bamboo has a high potential for wind turbine blade material as it easily grows and the fibre was known to have superior mechanical properties in term of strength and toughness. With the increased emphasises on the need to biodegradable material, it is interesting to develop a bamboo-based composite for use in wind energy at lower cost. This paper discusses the current effort and key research challenges in the development of bamboo laminated composite for use in wind turbine blade. It evaluates the key parameters in processing of bamboo laminated composite in satisfying the requirement for wind energy application. Considering the fact that mechanical performances of natural fibre-reinforced composite are greatly influenced by environment conditions, it is necessary to understand the change of mechanical properties during service life of wind turbine.

Purpose. The aim of the article is the theoretical and practical substantiation of the prospects for interaction between the state and society in order to overcome the energy crisis associated with the consequences of the russian-Ukrainian war through the development of wind and solar power generation and, as a consequence, cryptocurrency heat generation. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of this economic scientific research is the dialectical method of scientific cognition. In the process of economic scientific research, general scientific and special scientific methods were applied, among which the main ones are: abstract and logical methods – for formulating general conclusions of economic scientific research; systemic approach – in determining the causes and factors of the influence of the interaction of the state and society in the development of wind and solar power generation and, as a consequence, the development of cryptocurrency heat generation, on the energy security of households. Findings. The role of green energy was studied, in particular, the trends in the installation of small solar and wind power plants by households and firms to ensure the economic, demographic and energy security of the country in the conditions of a full-scale russian-Ukrainian war. Based on the analysis, it was determined that state support for households' investment in the installation of their own solar and wind power plants through a reduction in the tax burden on the import of their components, as well as financial incentives for their purchase, is a key factor in the development of green energy. It is estimated that investments by economic entities in the development of solar and wind power plants in 2024 and subsequent years will allow citizens not only to reduce electricity costs, avoid blackouts and ensure stable operation of critical electrical appliances, but will also contribute to energy independence in the long term. In addition, such investments can become a source of profit throughout the entire period of operation of energy equipment. The possibilities of using excess electricity for cryptocurrency mining are analysed, which creates significant additional economic benefits for households. It is summarized that the combination of cryptocurrency mining and electricity generation by home solar and wind power plants creates a significant synergistic effect that has a mutual economic and security impact on households. Based on the research conducted, it is substantiated that both during the war and in the post-war period, it is economically feasible for households to invest simultaneously in two areas – electricity production from renewable sources and cryptocurrency mining. This will maximize the benefits from the use of generated electricity, increase financial stability, and promote energy autonomy. Originality. The substantiation of the feasibility of introducing state investment support for households by economic entities in the purchase of solar power plants and their payback with the possibility of ensuring a synergistic positive economic effect at the micro- and macro-economic level has gained further development. Practical value. The obtained results of the study can serve as the basis for households and firms to make decisions on the installation of wind and solar power plants for electricity generation in order to meet personal needs and, as a result, additional heat generation, and the mining of crypto coins using cryptocurrency farms is advisable for the state and its citizens due to the achievement of a significant positive synergistic economic effect. Key words: investments, wind power plants, solar power plants, green energy, cryptocurrency, mining.