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Abstract
Simple SummaryThis study investigated the biological efficacy of cochlioquinone-9 (cq-9), a plant secondary metabolite, for controlling white-backed planthopper (WBPH) and compared the gene expression levels following cq-9 treatment. The results show that cq-9 enhances plant growth against WBPH and is associated with aromatic amino acid-related plant defense genes. This demonstrates the potential of cq-9 to replace chemical pesticides and suggests a new method for controlling WBPH.Rice is exposed to various biotic stresses in the natural environment. The white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera, WBPH) is a pest that causes loss of rice yield and threatens the global food supply. In most cases, pesticides are used to control WBPH. However, excessive use of pesticides increases pesticide resistance to pests and causes environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop natural product-based pesticides to control WBPH. Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites for protection. Secondary metabolites act as a defense against pathogens and pests and are valuable as pesticides and breeding materials. Cochlioquinone is a secondary metabolite that exhibits various biological activities, has a negative effect on the growth and development of insects, and contributes to plant defense. Here, we compared plant growth after treatment with cochlioquinone-9 (cq-9), a quinone family member. cq-9 improved the ability of plants to resist WBPH and had an effect on plant growth. Gene expression analysis revealed that cq-9 interacts with various defense-related genes to confer resistance to WBPH, suggesting that it is related to flavonoid compounds. Overall, this study provides insight into the mechanisms of WBPH resistance and suggests that cq-9 represents an environmentally friendly agent for WBPH control.
Highlights
IntroductionRice is an important staple food that is grown worldwide in a variety of climates [1]
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to identify and separate cq-9 from the methanol extract obtained from Taichung Native 1 (TN1), Cheongcheong, and Nagdong (Figure 1A)
oryza sativa chorismate mutas (OsCM), and OsNPR1, which are known genes in were effect ofOsWRKY45, cq-9 on the growth of rice was determined bydefense-related measuring the length of rice, the plant
Summary
Rice is an important staple food that is grown worldwide in a variety of climates [1]. The yield of rice is affected by several biotic and abiotic factors. A significant yield of rice is lost each year because of biological stress, of which approximately 25%. When a large number of WBPHs suck in their juice, the leaves dry out and the plant wilts, causing a hopper burn effect [3]. It reduces the vitality of the rice, delays tillering, and causes stunting, which leads to the death of rice [4]
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