Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to compare the biological and the physico-chemical properties of bioceramic-based root canal sealers, calcium hydroxide-based, MTA-based and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers.Material and MethodsTwo bioceramic-based sealers, one calcium hydroxide-based sealer, one MTA-based sealer and two epoxy resin-based sealers were tested.ResultsEasySeal and MTA Fillapex showed severe citotoxic activity, AH Plus and SealapexTM moderate cytotoxicity, BioRoot™ RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer were both cytocompatible. Except for TotalFill BC Sealer, all root canal sealers caused inhibition zones when tested with E. faecalis. The highest inhibition zone was observed for EasySeal, followed by AH Plus. BioRoot™ RCS, SealapexTM and MTA Fillapex showed the lowest inhibition zone. All the tested materials showed different degree of antibacterial activity by using direct contact test (DCT). The highest values were observed for BioRoot™ RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and EasySeal, followed by MTA Fillapex and SealapexTM. Except for BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer, all the root canal sealers fulfilled the requirements of the ISO 6876 standard, demonstrating a weight loss less than 3%. Bioroot RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and SealapexTM exhibited high alkaline pH with an increase both for BioRoot™ RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer after 24 hours.ConclusionsThe new bioceramic-based sealers showed acceptable physico-chemical properties, but BioRoot™ RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer seems to be too soluble, not respecting ISO 6876 requirements. Key words:Antibacterial activity, cytoxicity, pH, root canal sealers, solubility.
Highlights
Root canal sealers are used in endodontics to achieve a stable obturation of the root canal system by creation of a hermetic seal throughout the canal and by the filling of minor incongruities between the dentinal wall and gutta-percha [1] and to entomb bacteria, prevent their ingress from the oral environment and avoid their passage to the periapical tissues [2]
The present study studied the biological and the physico-chemical properties of bioceramic-based root canal sealers and compared them to different calcium hydroxide-based, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based and epoxy-resin based root canal sealers
Lower (P < 0.05) was the alkalinity of EasySeal, MTA Fillapex and AH Plus than that observed for BioRootTM RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and SealapexTM
Summary
Root canal sealers are used in endodontics to achieve a stable obturation of the root canal system by creation of a hermetic seal throughout the canal and by the filling of minor incongruities between the dentinal wall and gutta-percha [1] and to entomb bacteria, prevent their ingress from the oral environment and avoid their passage to the periapical tissues [2]. Low solubility of a root canal sealer has been introduced in 2000 as a requirement in the ANSI/ADA specification No 57 [7] and in 2001 as a requirement in the International Standards Organization 6876 standard for root canal sealing materials [8]. The handling characteristics of MTA preclude the use as a sealer without the addition of chemicals that provide sufficient flow [15] Components such as gels or water-soluble polymers have been added to enhance the cement manipulation [16,17]. Bioceramic-based sealers containing calcium silicate and/or calcium phosphate have attracted considerable attention because of their physical and biological properties [19,20] They contain calcium phosphate, which improves the setting properties, and offers a chemical composition with crystalline structure similar to tooth and bone apatite materials [21]. The present study studied the biological (cytotoxicity and antibacterial efficacy) and the physico-chemical (solubility and pH) properties of bioceramic-based root canal sealers and compared them to different calcium hydroxide-based, MTA-based and epoxy-resin based root canal sealers
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