Abstract
Delayed bone healing and non-union occur in approximately 10% of long bone fractures. Despite intense investigations and progress in understanding the processes governing bone healing, the specific pathophysiological characteristics of the local microenvironment leading to non-union remain obscure. The clinical findings and radiographic features remain the two important landmarks of diagnosing non-unions and even when the diagnosis is established there is debate on the ideal timing and mode of intervention. In an attempt to understand better the pathophysiological processes involved in the development of fracture non-union, a number of studies have endeavoured to investigate the biological profile of tissue obtained from the non-union site and analyse any differences or similarities of tissue obtained from different types of non-unions. In the herein study, we present the existing evidence of the biological and molecular profile of fracture non-union tissue.
Highlights
Materials and Methods– Eligibility Criteria – Information Sources – Study Selection – Extraction of Data – Data Analysis Results – Literature Search– Studies Characteristics – Macroscopic Structure of non-union Tissue – Microscopic Structure of non-union Tissue – Bacteriology of the non-union – Evaluation of Tissue Sample – Cultures Characteristics Discussion Conclusion AbstractDelayed bone healing and non-union occur in approximately 10% of long bone fractures
The histopathological appearance of nonunion tissue between atrophic and hypertrophic non-union indicates that both types of non-unions are not avascular and contain a potentially active population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)’s
Pathways believed to be involved in their pathogenesis include an imbalance in the expression of bone morphogenic protein(s) (BMP’s) and their inhibitors, and an up-regulated expression of several substances such as that of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP’s) and Dkk-1which can block a 2015 The Authors
Summary
Materials and Methods– Eligibility Criteria – Information Sources – Study Selection – Extraction of Data – Data Analysis Results – Literature Search– Studies Characteristics – Macroscopic Structure of non-union Tissue – Microscopic Structure of non-union Tissue – Bacteriology of the non-union – Evaluation of Tissue Sample – Cultures Characteristics Discussion Conclusion AbstractDelayed bone healing and non-union occur in approximately 10% of long bone fractures. Bone healing is a complex but well-orchestrated physiological process which recapitulates aspects of the embryonic skeletal development in combination with the normal response to acute tissue injury [1, 2]. It encompasses multiple biological phenomena and is margined by the combination of osteoconduction (scaffold formation), osteoinduction (timed cellular recruitment controlled by multiple signalling molecules) and osteogenesis (new bone formation) [2,3,4,5]. In contrast to the scar formation, which occurs in the majority of other tissue types in adults, bone has the innate capability to repair and regenerate, regaining its former biomechanical and biochemical properties [6,7,8].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
