Bioinspired Nanofibers: State of Art in Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Engineering new products for tissue regeneration received a profound growth in the recent years due to the wide availability of the synthesized molecules and polymers. Polymeric nanofibers offer excellent interaction of the material with the cells, chemical versatility, and mechanical strength making them ideal molecules for tissue engineering. Integrating polymers along with bioactives yielded quantitative and qualitative treatment for various ailments. The electrospun nanofibers have been intensively explored due to their architecture that mimics native extracellular matrix. Surface modification of the nanofi-bers, incorporation of nanoparticles for timely delivery of drugs, delayed decomposition of the nanofibers, and biocompatibility rendered fabrication of polymeric nanofibers an efficient method for the delivery of drugs for tissue engineering. Biomaterial-based scaffolds serve as a critical platform to overcome the deleterious sequelae in various organs. This chapter seeks the conceptual understanding of synthetic and natural polymeric blends and their parameters for differentiation and regeneration for specific tissue. We then highlight current developments that utilize electrospun nanofibers to manipulate biological processes significant to skin, nerve, bone, and cardiac tissue regeneration. This provides a valuable insight on favorable approaches and the potential applications of the biomaterial scaffolds for tissue regeneration.