Abstract
The biology of Cryptosporidium has been studied increasingly since it was recognized as a pathogen of humans more than a century. Its recent recognition as a second leading cause of diarrhoea or cryptosporidiosis immunocompromised patients globally has led many researchers to study on this parasite. Many new technologies such as high-throughput omics and bioinformatics tools have been implemented to investigate this zoonotic parasite in a better approach. The aim of this review article is mainly to briefly describe recent applications of structural bioinformatics in order to reveal the potentiality of a suitable therapeutic target in Cryptosporidium. This review was written based on the search of cited publications in SCOPUS website with the combination of word ‘Cryptosporidium’ with other words like bioinformatics, protein structure, structural biology and homology modeling. The search results then were selected based on the relativeness of updated information needed to be prepared in this review. Several cited publications were used to elaborate the review accordingly despitelimitedreviewupdatesrelatedtoprotein bioinformation of thisparasite. As a conclusion, bioinformatics is a commonly known to be cutting-edge technology that has been recognised for its power to reveal the secret of parasite biology in silico including a neglected parasite, Cryptosporidium. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 8-18
Highlights
Cryptosporidium is an enteric parasite that infects across varied hosts including humans and animals which has been regarded to cause diarrhoea or cryptosporidiosis[1]
Besides both species of this genus, Cryptosporidium muris has been sequenced with different characteristics with different characteristics such as the sets of gene report markers for specific function like encoding for the tricarboxylic acid, (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and special enzyme involved as generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule, namely ATP synthase[10]
Ligand or known as small molecule has been essentially deposited in one of the most commonly used databases, which is PubChem whereby can be a public repository of molecular structure information, in chemical, biological and structural features, thereby can be applied as diagnostic agents[49,32]. This database has been primarily sustained by the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) and widely used by a scientific community to retrieve available molecular ligand data by which can potentially be used for optimisation of structural profiles of target proteins of interest belong to Cryptosporidium via in silico approach[50]
Summary
Cryptosporidium is an enteric parasite that infects across varied hosts including humans and animals which has been regarded to cause diarrhoea or cryptosporidiosis[1]. With respect to anti-Cryptosporidium drug discovery, a metabolomics research has been potentially recognised as a powerful tool in order to unravel any novel metabolites and targets prior to production of specific biomarker in diagnostic application even though it is still infancy especially in Cryptosporidium research regardless of other eukaryotic organisms that have been previously studied extensively in terms of metabolomics approach[19,20]. This database has been primarily sustained by the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) and widely used by a scientific community to retrieve available molecular ligand data by which can potentially be used for optimisation of structural profiles of target proteins of interest belong to Cryptosporidium via in silico approach[50].
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