Abstract
The incidence of type-2 diabetes is rising rapidly worldwide, mainly because of the increase in the incidence of obesity, which is an important risk factor for this condition. Both obesity and type-2 diabetes are complex genetic traits but they also share some nongenetic risk factors. Differences among individuals in their susceptibility to both these conditions probably reflect their genetic constitutions. The dramatic improvements in genomic and bioinformatic resources are accelerating the pace of gene discovery. It is tempting to speculate the key susceptible genes/proteins that bridges diabetes mellitus and obesity. In this regard, we evaluated the role of several genes/proteins that are believed to be involved in the evolution of obesity associated diabetes through thorough literature search. Also we analyzed the data pertaining to genes of these proteins extracted from the databases that are available online for free access. The functional cDNA sequences of these genes/proteins are extracted from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Ensembl Genome Browser. Our bioinformatic analysis reports 21 genes as ominous link with obesity associated diabetes. Also this study indicated that, adipose tissue is now known to express and secrete a variety of metabolites, hormones and cytokines that have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance.This bioinformatic study will be useful for future studies towards therapeutic inventions of obesity associated type-2 diabetes.
Highlights
Obesity and its pathological complications, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and insulin resistance, haveType 2 diabetes and its complications may be prevented by either avoiding factors that trigger the disease process or using therapies that modulate the disease process before the onset of clinical symptoms
This study indicated that, adipose tissue is known to express and secrete a variety of metabolites, hormones and cytokines that have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance.This bioinformatic study will be useful for future studies towards therapeutic inventions of obesity associated type-2 diabetes
The functional cDNA sequences of these genes/proteins are extracted from: (1) National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), (2) Rat Genome Database (RGD) (), (3) Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), which can be accessed with the Entrez database searcher of the National Library of Medicine, Ensembl Genome Browser, (4) Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) website is hosted by The Jackson Laboratory, (5) HomoloGene, a tool of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), is a system for automated detection of homologs among the annotated genes of several completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes and (6) GeneCards is a database of human genes that provides genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, genetic and functional information on all known and predicted human genes
Summary
Obesity and its pathological complications, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and insulin resistance, haveType 2 diabetes and its complications may be prevented by either avoiding factors that trigger the disease process (primary prevention) or using therapies that modulate the disease process before the onset of clinical symptoms (secondary prevention). Some important factors for the development of these disorders are excessive accumulation of abdominal fat, which is known to play an important role in development of chronic inflammation; deposition of lipids into non-adipose tissues such as liver and muscles; atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation that increase risk in cardiovascular disorders and diabetes (Rajala and Scherer, 2003). Adipose tissue is not just a site of energy storage and behaves as a dynamic endocrine organ (Kershaw and Flier, 2004). It plays an important role in energy expenditure, both as depot for energy-rich triglycerides and Corresponding Author: Osama M.
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