Biogeographical influences on the nutritional and sensory attributes of Pearlspot Cichlid (Etroplus suratensis)

Abstract

The pearlspot cichlid (Etroplus suratensis) occurs naturally in the water bodies of peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Six stations across three major lakes in Peninsular India are used to analyze the effects of biogeographical distribution on the nutrient profile, meat quality, and organoleptic qualities of pearlspot. The analysis included parameters such as gut content, proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, meat colour, texture, and organoleptic acceptability, along with water parameters. The nutrient profile and sensory attributes of pearlspot are significantly influenced by biogeographical factors. The fish from higher saline areas Azhikode and Kanjiracode with 18.23 and 15.13 ppt, had better sensory acceptance. These sites had a higher proportion of diatoms (75.91%) and zooplankton (3.19%), respectively. The fish from Azhikode also had higher levels of protein (18.31%). The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids was found to be optimal in all the stations. Azhikode samples had the highest concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (16.42%) and n3/n6 ratio (1.81). The meat color and texture of the fish samples significantly differed among the stations. The study demonstrates the importance of biogeographical factors on flavor, texture, and nutritional profile. The findings indicate that the production of nutritionally and organoleptically superior fish is possible by ensuring a proper rearing environment and diet.