Abstract
Copper nanoparticles are one of the most promising agents in the field of nanotechnology which has the widest range of applications in various fields. Copper is an inorganic and safest material to humans, extensively used as an anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer agent and also as catalysts and sensors in high potential, peculiarly in nanosize. This emerged the preparation of CuNPs using various techniques. Many conventional methods have been employed for the synthesizing CuNPs which include electron beam lithography, inert gas condensation, ion implantation, laser ablation, mechanical milling, mechanical grinding, pulsed wire discharge, spray pyrolysis, vacuum vapour deposition, chemical reduction method, electrochemical method, microemulsion method, microwave method and solvothermal decomposition method. Relatively the biological method is highly recommended for the synthesis of CuNPs due to the absence of harmless chemicals, enhanced biocompatibility, eco-friendly, greater biological activity and low toxicity. This review is focussing on the biogenic synthesis of CuNPs using plants and micro-organisms, reaction conditions, characterization techniques and their applications.
Highlights
In modern material science and technology, one of the most active areas of research is nanotechnology
This review focuses on various plant extracts and micro-organisms employed for the biological synthesis of the CuNPs along with their reaction conditions, characterization techniques and their various biological applications
Using traditional physical and chemical processes necessitated the use of hazardous substances at a significant expense
Summary
In modern material science and technology, one of the most active areas of research is nanotechnology. Copper is one of the most extensively utilized materials on the planet and is found in both plant and animal tissues It is a prominent metal of therapeutics which can be utilized for various pathological conditions like wound, bacterial and fungal infections. Only the literature indexed in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Research square and Royal Society of Chemistry databases between the time period of 2015 and 2021 were surveyed The keywords for this survey include copper nanoparticles, green synthesis, microwave irradiation, biological synthesis, characterization, applications of copper nanoparticles, both individually and in combination were applied and shortlisted according to the purpose of this study. This review focuses on various plant extracts and micro-organisms employed for the biological synthesis of the CuNPs along with their reaction conditions, characterization techniques and their various biological applications
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