Abstract
Increasing consumption of fossil fuels and concern over environmental emissions has provided impetus to the development of renewable biofuels. Presently available biofuel production processes and developing approaches have focused on closing the carbon cycle by biological fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and conversion of biomass into biofuels. Lignocellulosic plant residues are found in abundance quantity and contain an appropriate amount of protein which is a by-product of biomass pretreatment. Besides conversion of carbohydrates into fuel, efforts towards conversion protein to fuel and ammonia may improve its value addition. Moreover, development of this technology will also realize its advantages of high carbon fixation rates, reduce consumption of synthetic fertilizer, inexpensive, and simple feedstock processing. Therefore, the present chapter provides an overview of the production process of biofuels using lignocellulosic plant residues and their protein by-products. The major hurdles to enhance the yield/production of the product and possible approaches to overcome these hindrances were also discussed.
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