Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7, Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8, and Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 on the symbiotic effectiveness of soybeans before biofertilizer production, to produce biofertilizer containing the studied three strains (SAY3-7, BLY3-8, and P4), to test the effectiveness of the biofertilizer on soybean varieties, and to assess the varietal effects and interaction effects between variety and biofertilizer on plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nutrient absorption, and seed yield. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay and ureide methods. Contents of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) were also measured to calculate their uptakes. In this study, synergistic effects of nitrogen fixation were induced by combined inoculation with SAY3-7, BLY3-8 and P4 in all tested soybean varieties. Therefore, we assumed that an effective biofertilizer could be produced using these effective bacteria (SAY3-7, BLY3-8, and P4). After making biofertilizer using these effective bacteria, packages were stored at 30 °C. The populations of the bacteria in the biofertilizer were maintained at a density of 1 × 108 colony forming units (cfu) g−1 for P4 and 7 × 109 cells g−1 for Bradyrhizobium. Diluting biofertilizer by 10−3 proved more effective for nodulation and nitrogen fixation than other dilution treatments. Moreover, this biofertilizer significantly promoted plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nutrient uptakes, and seed yield in Yezin-3 and Yezin-6 soybean varieties. Yezin-6 is a more efficient variety than Yezin-3 for improved plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nutrient absorption, and seed yield. Taken together, the application of an effective biofertilizer and the use of an efficient soybean variety can play important roles in promoting plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and higher seed yield.
Highlights
Rhizobium inoculation is a well-known agronomic practice for ensuring adequate nitrogen (N) for legumes
Shoot dry weights of plants inoculated with SAY3-7 and BLY3-8 with P4 were higher than those of controls in Yezin-3 and Yezin-6
Peat soil collected from Myanmar served as a suitable substrate for production, with the assurance of nodulation and nitrogen fixation in the Yezin-6 soybean variety
Summary
Rhizobium inoculation is a well-known agronomic practice for ensuring adequate nitrogen (N) for legumes. Inoculating soybeans with a Bradyrhizobium strain is essential for supplying crop N demand and substituting for nitrogenous fertiliser. The use of biofertilizer has become a notable alternative method to chemical fertiliser. Agronomy 2019, 9, 162 when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonise the inner part of the plant or the rhizosphere, and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant [1]. The use of biofertilizer improves soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilising insoluble phosphates, and producing plant growth-promoting substances in the soil [2]. It promotes nodulation efficiency and increases yield by around 16–60% [3]
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