Abstract
The phase angle (PhA) seems to be a reliable screening tool for the identification of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the present study was to assess the body composition and nutritional status of hospitalized children and adolescents with IBD by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with phase angle (PhA) calculation, which has not been evaluated in hospitalized children with IBD yet. A total of 59 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years, with IBD: 34 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 25 Crohn’s disease (CD) were included in the study. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. In both groups, BIA was performed and PhA was calculated. IBD patients had significantly lower PhA (UC: 5.34 ± 1.34 vs. 5.96 ± 0.76, p = 0.040; CD: 5.16 ± 1.18 vs. 5.90 ± 0.62, p = 0.009) compared to the control subjects. Significant changes in selected body composition parameters were observed particularly in CD, especially in fat free mass components. Lower phase angle score together with lower body composition parameters and selected nutrition indicators in children and adolescents with IBD demonstrate their worse nutritional and functional status compared to healthy subjects.
Highlights
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used since the late 1980s as a portable, easy-to-use, inexpensive, non-invasive and safe technique for assessing body composition [1,2,3]
Phase angle score in the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was significantly lower compared to the healthy subjects and it was more pronounced in the patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) (Table 2)
BIA-derived phase angle score consists of the resistance and reactance values and reflects nutritional and functional status
Summary
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used since the late 1980s as a portable, easy-to-use, inexpensive, non-invasive and safe technique for assessing body composition [1,2,3]. The detection of nutritional status in children with different clinical conditions requires the measurement of both fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). Body cell mass (BCM) is the metabolically active component of FFM and reflects the functional status of the cellular component of the body [4]. BIA-derived phase angle (PhA) is a variable obtained from the relationship between Resistance (R) and Reactance (Xc). (R/Xc × 180◦ /π) and seems to be a new promising indicator of nutritional status [2]. Its biological meaning is not completely understood, it is interpreted as an indicator of membrane integrity and water distribution between intracellular and extracellular compartments [5].
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