Abstract
Biodiesel was produced using oleic acid esterification and transesterification of the sunflower oil methods. Many different factors affecting production procedures were studied such as reaction temperature, the molar ratio of ethanol to oil, reaction time and concentration of HY catalyst.
 Different techniques such as TGA, FTIR and Mass spectroscopy were used to syntheses biodiesel. Results showed that 78% of oleic acid maximum conversion was obtained at a temperature of 70oC with molar ratio 12:1 ethanol: oil with 5 wt.% catalysts at 90 min reaction time, while for sunflower oil conversion of 98% at 200oC with 5 weight ratio of ethanol: oil at a time of 3 h was successfully obtained.
Highlights
Biodiesel is the fuel that attracted much attention and support as more renewable and potential cleaner fuel for diesel engines, producing less air pollution compared with conventional petroleum diesel
Oleic acid esterification with alcohol was carried out using a prepared HY zeolite as a catalyst
The esterification reaction is regulated by some factors including reaction temperature, reaction time, ethanol/ oleic acid ratio, and catalyst loading
Summary
Biodiesel is the fuel that attracted much attention and support as more renewable and potential cleaner fuel for diesel engines, producing less air pollution compared with conventional petroleum diesel. Transesterification process is the most common way of producing biodiesel where a pure triglyceride is converted into fatty methyl or ethyl ester and glycerol [2]. The objective of the research is firstly to investigate the activity of the synthesized HY catalyst for esterification of oleic acid to produce biodiesel under different reaction conditions (reaction time, temperature, catalytic ratio & alcohol/oil ratio). Transesterification of treated sunflower oil to produce biodiesel under various reaction conditions (reaction temperature and time). Zeolites have been used as catalysts to convert high free fatty acid oils to FAME. A good conversion of oil into biodiesel was observed at the time between 10 minutes and 50 minutes in the basic and acidic form of zeolites, such as NaY zeolites, while the negative influence of water resulted in low conversion [3]. Zeolite type Y was prepared from Iraqi kaolin with a final Si
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