Abstract
The rise in global energy demand has encouraged exploring into other innovative methods of generating renewable fuels from different forms of waste. Due to its accessibility, culinary used vegetable oil is regarded as a potential source for profitable production of biodiesel. In the present study, the viability of producing biodiesel from used vegetable oil (UVO) by utilizing CaO catalyst (derived from the calcination of chicken eggshell and impregnated with KNO<sub>3</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub>) was studied. Higher yield of biodiesel was obtained at methanol/oil mole ratio of (9–10) and CaO catalyst concentration of (2.0–3.0) wt/wt% Oil, for the three forms of catalyst used. Also, higher yield of biodiesel was obtained when CaO with impregnated KNO<sub>3</sub> was used, followed by the operation involving CaO with impregnated NaNO<sub>3</sub>. At optimum conditions of methanol/oil mole ratio of 9 and catalyst concentration of 2.4 wt/wt% Oil, the yields of biodiesel obtained were 90% (for unimpregnated catalyst), 92% (using CaO impregnated with NaNO<sub>3</sub>) and 95% (using CaO impregnated with KNO<sub>3</sub>). The higher biodiesel yield obtained for CaO impregnated with KNO<sub>3</sub> (compared to the yield from CaO impregnated with NaNO<sub>3</sub>) could be traced to a more reactive nature of potassium and arrangement of electrons of both potassium and sodium. The results of the tests and analysis on biodiesel properties reveal that quality biodiesel were produced from the three forms of catalyst used. This is because, each of the values of the properties considered falls within the ASTM standard.
Highlights
Energy is the key driver of modern civilization and technological advancement
At optimum conditions of methanol/oil mole ratio of 9 and catalyst concentration of 2.4 wt/wt% Oil, the yields of biodiesel obtained were 90%, 92% and 95%
At optimum conditions of methanol/oil mole ratio of 9.0 and catalyst concentration of 2.48 wt/wt% oil, biodiesel yields are 95%, 92.3% and 90%
Summary
Energy is the key driver of modern civilization and technological advancement. Galloping energy demand has inspired new innovations in the field of renewable energy. In line with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and Goal 13 (Climate Action), adoption of cleaner and renewable fuel alternatives to petroleum-based fuels demands combined global efforts from governments, industries and research institutes [1]. Biodiesel is composed of long-chain alkyl esters and can be utilized directly in the petroleum diesel engine with little or no modifications [2,3]. Another benefits of the use of biodiesel as fuel is that it requires little or no engine modification when introduced into petroleum diesel engine. The notation B20, B50 and B75 implies that 20%, 50% and 75% of biodiesel are blended with petroleum diesel in diesel engine respectively [2,3]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
