Abstract
Bio-oil is a promising source of chemicals and renewable fuels. As the liquid phase obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass, the composition and amount of bio-oil generated depend not only on the type of the biomass but also on the conditions under which pyrolysis is performed. Most fossil fuels can be replaced by bio-oil-derived products. Thus, bio-oil can be used directly or co-fed along with fossil fuels in boilers, transformed into fuel for car engines by hydrodeoxygenation or even used as a more suitable source for H2 production than biomass. On the other hand, due to its rich composition in compounds resulting from the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, bio-oil co-acts as a source of various value-added chemicals such as aromatic compounds. This review presents an overview of the potential applications of bio-oils and the pyrolysis conditions under which they are obtained. Then, different extraction methods for value-added chemicals, along with the most recent developments, are discussed and future research directions for bio-oil upgrades are highlighted.
Highlights
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, Abstract: Bio-oil is a promising source of chemicals and renewable fuels
One of the main differences is that the flash point and the pour point are lower for bio-oil compared with heavy fossil fuel, indicating that the storage and pumping components in boilers must be redesigned
Bio-oils produced from lignocellulose residues by fast pyrolysis or catalytic fast pyrolysis are regarded as suitable raw materials to produce renewable diesel [73]
Summary
Dependence on imported fossil fuels poses a serious threat to the energy security and economic stability of all countries as the world is expected to run out of petroleum in the 50 years [1]. Due to these limited reserves of conventional fossil fuels and their negative impact on global climate and human health, much research is focused on the search for alternative energy sources. The use of bio-based technologies in biodiesel production is regarded as advantageous as these methods generate less waste and are considered ecofriendly. It could represent a potential alternative for lignocellulose residues without any current feasible application
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