Abstract
In the textile industry, ramie stalk is byproducts with a low economic value. The potential use of this leftover as a substrate ingredient for Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipe) cultivation was evaluated. The degradation and utilization of ramie stalk by F. velutipes was evaluated through mushroom production, lignocelluloses degradation and lignocellulolytic enzymes activity. The best substrate mixture for F. velutipes cultivation comprised 50% ramie stalk, 20% cottonseed hulls, 25% wheat bran, 4% cornstarch and 2% CaCO3. The highest biological efficiency of fruiting bodies was reached 119.7%. F. velutipes appears to degrade 12.7–32.0% lignin, 14.4–30.2% cellulose and 9.3–25.7% hemicellulose during cultivation on the different substrates. The results of enzymes activities showed that laccase and peroxidase were higher before fruiting; while cellulase and hemicellulase showed higher activities after fruiting. The biological efficiency of fruiting bodies was positively correlated with the activities of cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninolytic enzyme. The results of this study demonstrate that ramie stalk can be used as an effective supplement for increasing mushroom yield in F. velutipes.
Highlights
The highest mycelium growth density was appeared in 50% proportions of ramie stalk medium, but the density of the mycelium was comparatively poor on 70% and 98% ramie stalk substrate
The highest mushroom yield (359 g/300 dry substrate) and Biological efficiency (BE) (119%) were obtained from the 50% proportions of ramie stalk medium; yield and BE were not significantly different from the 40% proportions of ramie stalk medium or from 60% proportions of ramie stalk medium. 70% proportions of ramie stalk in cultivation substrates of F. velutipes resulted in low mushroom production
The results suggested that inclusion of ramie stalk is clearly advantageous for production of F. velutipes in proportions ranging 10–50%, especially in 50% ramie stalk combination
Summary
In China, more than 1,000,000 ton of ramie residue such as ramie stalk is produced as textile industry byproduct in 2013 year which have very little or no economic value (Zhou et al 2015). Demand for sawdust and cotton seed hull is increasing following the large number of poultry industry and mushroom cultivation, Xie et al AMB Expr (2017) 7:171 making it difficult and expensive for commercial mushroom growers to get sawdust and cotton seed hull. Within this context, growers tend to select the best and the least expensive, locally available substrate materials. Ramie stalks are easy to get in China and other countries
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