Abstract
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a coenzyme and acts as a redox cofactor in metabolic process. Owing to such problems as poor electron transfer properties, unfavorable adsorption, and lack of stability on rigid electrodes, the bio-electrochemical applications of FAD have been limited. Herein, a novel fabrication method was developed for the immobilization process using 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx), which enhanced the redox property of FAD and improved the electro-catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral medium. The FAD-immobilized Ti3C2Tx electrode (FAD/Ti3C2Tx) was studied by UV-Visible and Raman spectroscopies, which confirmed the successful adsorption of FAD on the Ti3C2Tx surface. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of Ti3C2Tx were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The redox property of the FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified glassy carbon electrode (FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE) was highly dependent on pH and exhibited a stable redox peak at −0.455 V in neutral medium. Higher amounts of FAD molecules were loaded onto the 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-modified electrode, which was two times higher than the values in the reported work, and the surface coverage (ᴦFAD) was 0.8 × 10−10 mol/cm2. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified sensor showed the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 at −0.47 V, which was 130 mV lower than the bare electrode. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE sensor showed a linear detection of H2O2 from 5 nM to 2 µM. The optimization of FAD deposition, amount of Ti3C2Tx loading, effect of pH and the interference study with common biochemicals such as glucose, lactose, dopamine (DA), potassium chloride (KCl), ascorbic acid (AA), amino acids, uric acid (UA), oxalic acid (OA), sodium chloride (NaCl) and acetaminophen (PA) have been carried out. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE showed high selectivity and reproducibility. Finally, the FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified electrode was successfully applied to detect H2O2 in ovarian cancer cell lines.
Highlights
Inspired by nature, the mimicking of naturally occurring enzymes and the study of bio-electron transfer reactions using in-vitro models has been the long term goal of researchers [1]
For the first time, we reported MXene as a host material for the immobilization of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and used it as a H2 O2 biosensor
RPMI-1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin EDTA and antibiotics were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St
Summary
The mimicking of naturally occurring enzymes and the study of bio-electron transfer reactions using in-vitro models has been the long term goal of researchers [1]. The artificial enzymes have been used to understand physiological electron transfer reactions and for the development of bio-electrodes [3,4]. Micromachines 2021, 12, 862 for the development of bio-electrodes [3,4] In this connection, the biomolecules gained immense interest in relation to the fabrication of catalytic material for the reduction of immense interest in relation to the fabrication of catalytic material for the reduction of. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are the
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