Abstract
Remazol red (RR), a monochloro sulphonated azo dye was degraded up to 97% within 20 min at 40 °C and pH 7 at dye concentration 50 mg l −1 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH. Examination of enzyme status exposed the involvement of various oxidoreductive enzymes viz. laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase and NADH-DCIP reductase. Analytical studies viz. HPTLC, HPLC, FTIR and GC-MS carried out with dye and dye metabolites formed after dye decolorization confirmed that the decolorization was due to degradation. Based on enzymatic status and GC-MS analysis the possible metabolic pathway followed by bacterial strain for the degradation of RR was proposed. During toxicological scrutiny, cell death was observed in RR treated Allium cepa ( A. cepa) root cells. The observed inhibition of catalase (CAT) activity and induction in enzyme activities of sulfur oxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) along with raised protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation signified that RR generated the oxidative stress in A. cepa roots. These toxicological studies along with genotoxicity studies using A. cepa roots and phytotoxicity studies using Phaseolus mungo ( P. mungo) and Sorghum vulgare ( S. vulgare) conclusively designated the toxicity of RR and comparatively less toxic nature of metabolites formed after dye degradation by P. aeruginosa BCH.
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