Abstract
Purpose – to evaluate the low-dose effect of on the microelement state and the pre-nosological indicators of the health in preschool children living in conditions of its permanent impact. Materials and methods. Hygienic monitoring of lead, copper, and zinc in air, water, and foodstuffs was carried out in two industrial districts of Dniprо city and a “conditionally clean” district of a non-industrial city. To assess the prenosological state of health in the child contingent, 46 and 57 children from pre-school institutions in the observation areas city, aged 5 to 6 years and 20 children from the control area were examined in a similar way. Results. The average blood content in 70–100 % of children in industrial areas is 1.6–5 times higher than the normative and 9.5–30 times the control. In 33–66 % of the children examined in the industrial areas and 12 % of the controls, the urine concentration is 6.4–12.8 times higher than the standard. Hair concentration in preschoolers corresponds to the permissible level, but is 2–3.5 times higher than in the children from the control region, which was found in 73–78 % of the examined. Tooth concentration in the children from industrial areas is 4.6 times higher than the standard level recommended by WHO, and in the nail is 3.2 times the background values. The copper content in all biosubstrates of children is determined at the physiological level, and zinc – lower by 49–80 %. The elevated content in biosubstrates is accompanied by 1.2 and 1.9 times increase in urinary δ-ALA activity in the children from industrial areas as compared with the recommended norm, which was observed in 51–89 % of the children examined. Conclusions. The biochemical abnormalities identified in the body of children indicate the beginning of microsaturnism development, which in case of microelemental status violations, is the rationale for finding effective means of reducing the lead pressure on the child population health.
Highlights
A – концепція та дизайн дослідження; B – збір даних; C – аналіз та інтерпретація даних; D – написання статті; E – редагування статті; F – остаточне затвердження статті
In 33–66 % of the children examined in the industrial areas and 12 % of the controls, the urine lead concentration is 6.4–12.8 times higher than the standard
Hair lead concentration in preschoolers corresponds to the permissible level, but is 2–3.5 times higher than in the children from the control region, which was found in 73–78 % of the examined
Summary
Середній вміст свинцю у крові 70–100 % дітей промислових районів перевищує нормативний в 1,6–5,0 раза, контрольний – 9,5–30,0 раза. У сечі 33–66 % обстежених дітей із промислових районів і 12 % дітей із контрольного району концентрації свинцю перевищували норматив у 6,4–12,8 раза. Волосся дошкільнят містять свинець у концентраціях, які відповідають припустимому рівню, але у 2,0–3,5 раза більші, ніж у дітей контрольного району, що виявлено у 73–78 % обстежених. Концентрація свинцю в зубах дітей промислових районів за середніми значеннями у 4,6 раза перевищує нормативний рівень, що рекомендований ВООЗ, у нігтях – у 3,2 раза перевищує фонові значення. Підвищена концентрація свинцю в біосубстратах супроводжується збільшенням активності δ-АЛК у сечі дітей промислових районів в 1,2 та 1,9 раза порівняно з рекомендованою нормою; це спостерігали у 51–89 % обстежених.
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