BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOME FRUIT AND BERRIES VARIETIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FRUIT CROP BREEDING

Abstract

One of the tasks of the laboratory of biochemical and technological evaluation of cultivars and storage at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding is the biochemical evaluation of fruits of the existing gene pool of fruit and berry crops to identify the best genotypes. This takes into account the current orientation of the consumer market to the production of new-generation products, in particular fruits and berries, with high consumer properties that cause improvement in the quality of human life and reduce the development of a number of diseases, by increasing their nutritional value, including through selection. As a result of studying the biochemical composition of apple, cherry, red currant and black currant fruits, the best cultivars of VNIISPK selection were selected for the accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. The maximum sugar content of fruit is set in the apple – 13,27% (‘Blagodat’), in cherries – 13,53% (‘Pamyati Mashkina’), in red currants – 9,30% (‘Selianochka’), in black currants – 12,30% (‘Nadiozha’), 11,02% (‘’Desertnnaya Ogoltsovoy’); maximal content of ascorbic acid– in apples – 21,4 mg/100 g (‘Vita’), in cherries – 15,5 mg/100 g (‘Tikhonovskaya’), in red currants – 96,6 mg/100 g (‘Ustina’), in black currants – 246,8 (‘Nadina;), 233,8 mg/100 g (‘Deserrtnaya Ogoltsovoy’); maximal content of P-active substances– in apples – 624 mg/100 g (‘Utrennyay Zvezda’), 514 mg/100 gг (‘Orlovsky Pioner’), in cherries – 1170 mg/100 gг (‘Shokoladnitsa’), in red currants – 664 mg/100 g (‘Podarok Pobediteliam’), in black currants – 927 (‘Yershistaya’).