Biochemical and Molecular Studies of Various Enzymes Activity in Fungi

Abstract

Fungi are decomposers in most ecosystems and make important contribution to the ecological balance of our world. They have great industrial importance due to the presence of different enzymes like laccase, superoxide dismutase, cellulases, amylases and catalase etc. These enzymes performed synthetic and degradative functions. They are physiologically necessary for all of the living organisms and are universally occur with wide genetic diversity in plants, animals and micro-organisms. Mostly the micro-organisms are an attractive and efficient source of various enzymes and also owing to have the limited space required for their cultivation and their ready susceptibility to genetic manipulations. Although the extensive research on various aspects of these enzymes, there is scarcity of the knowledge about the role that governed the diverse specificity of these enzymes. After deciphering the secrets about these enzymes would enable us to exploit their use in biotechnology. Fungi have vital roles in biotechnology such as production of drugs and enzymes. Fungi can be cultured easily and hence they can be used in microbiological, genetic and molecular research. It is very important to investigate genes and the role of genes that are responsible for the formation of these enzymes. In the current review described the study of production of laccase, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme through various fungi, the activity of enzymes and the genetic diversity of genes involved for the formation of these enzymes.