Abstract
Keratinases are considerably gaining momentum in green technology because of their endowed robustness and multifaceted application potentials, such as keratinous agro-wastes valorization. Therefore, the production of novel keratinases from relatively nonpathogenic bacteria grown in agro-wastes formulated medium is cost-effective, and also imperative for the sustainability of thriving bioeconomy. In this study, we optimized keratinase production by Bacillus sp. Nnolim-K1 grown in chicken feather formulated medium. The produced keratinase (KerBNK1) was biochemically characterized and also, the keratinase-encoding gene (kerBNK1) was amplified and sequenced. The optimal physicochemical conditions for extracellular keratinase production determined were 0.8% (w/v) xylose, 1.0% (w/v) feather, and 3.0% (v/v) inoculum size, pH 5.0, temperature (25 °C) and agitation speed (150 rpm). The maximum keratinase activity of 1943.43 ± 0.0 U/mL was achieved after 120 h of fermentation. KerBNK1 was optimally active at pH and temperature of 8.0 and 60 °C, respectively; with remarkable pH and thermal stability. KerBNK1 activity was inhibited by ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting a metallo-keratinase. The amplified kerBNK1 showed a band size of 1104 bp and the nucleotide sequence was submitted to the GenBank with accession number MT268133. Bacillus sp. Nnolim-K1 and the keratinase displayed potentials that demand industrial and biotechnological exploitations.
Highlights
Keratins are structural proteins that offer mechanical support at the sites of occurrence [1]
Preparation of powdered chicken feather (PCF) substrate utilized in this study followed a similar approach as we reported previously [19]
Nnolim-K1 was cultivated in Basal salt medium (BSM) with different initial pH values that ranged from 4.0 to 11.0
Summary
Keratins are structural proteins that offer mechanical support at the sites of occurrence [1] Their abundance in agro-wastes avian feathers generated from poultry processing farms prevents the efficient management of these byproducts [2], and they constitute variable degrees of environmental nuisance through their disposal means. The wealth of proteins locked-up in feathers and a huge stream of these wastes emanating from poultry processing farms had previously prompted traditional means of converting these materials into feedstuff, through endergonic and pressure treatment, accompanied by grinding into fine powder [3] This product provides limited nutritional requirements when utilized as a feed supplement due to poor biodegradability and loss of essential heat-labile nutrients.
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