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Abstract
ABSTRACT Bio-based strategy for crop production is triggered by two separate ways: biotic and abiotic stress management of the crop growth, although in practice they are difficult to accomplish separately. BioControl Agents are part of a bio-based strategy for biotic stress management that has been widely used for decades in the EU. Biocontrol concepts consist of four pillars encompassing microorganisms, semiochemicals, natural substances and macroorganisms. The current phytopharmaceutical (plant protection products) regulation EC 1107/2009 corresponding to three pillars of the biocontrol is actually considering around 210 BioControl Agents phytopharmaceutical active substances, whereas macroorganisms, defined as the fourth pillar, are currently considered for management by a future EU regulation, with potential harmonisation of existing similar national regulations. A focus on BioControl Agents used for crop protection is the main core of this research and is the subject of this analysis. Among this well-characterised side, the recent appearance of the term biostimulant in this regard for the implementation of the abiotic side of the bio-based strategies for Stress Management is more stammering. These are two different approaches, complementary, but sometimes using the same substances, with the border between the two concepts, biotic and abiotic, remaining very theoretical, because the physiological mechanisms involved are sometimes the same. In summary, the regulatory framework in EU is now fully operable for the implementation of biotic bio-based strategies and only at regulation level for abiotic bio-based strategies and still absent at field level.
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