Abstract
Cirsium setosum (C. setosum) has a potential antihyperglycemic effect, but it is unclear what bioactive components play a key role. According to the α-glucosidase inhibition activity, three new taraxastane-type triterpenoids of 3β-hydroxy-30-hydroperoxy-20-taraxastene (1), 3β-hydroxy-22α-methoxy-20-taraxastene (2), and 30-nor-3β,22α-dihydroxy-20-taraxastene (3), as well as five known taraxastane triterpenoids of 3β,22-dihydroxy-20-taraxastene (4), 20-taraxastene-3,22-dione (5), 3β-acetoxy-20-taraxasten-22-one (6), 3β-hydroxy-20-taraxasten-22-one (7), and 30-nor-3β-hydroxy-20-taraxastene (8) were obtained from the petroleum ether-soluble portion of the ethanol extract from C. setosum. All chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and compared with literature data. Compounds 4–8 were identified for the first time from this plant, and compounds 1, 2, 4, and 7 exhibited more potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity—with IC50 values of 18.34 ± 1.27, 26.98 ± 0.89, 17.49 ± 1.42, and 22.67 ± 0.25 μM, respectively—than acarbose did (positive control, IC50 42.52 ± 0.32 μM).
Highlights
Cirsium setosum (C. setosum) is an edible medicinal plant, distributed widely around the world [1].C. setosum is an edible wild-grown vegetable [2], and an important component in a traditional Chinese medicine called Xiao-Ji
The purpose of this study is to explore new α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) from C. setosum
In a bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOH extract of C. setosum, we found that the petroleum ether-soluble fraction showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
Summary
C. setosum is an edible wild-grown vegetable [2], and an important component in a traditional Chinese medicine called Xiao-Ji. People prepare its tender leaves in a favorite folk dish. Phytochemical studies on C. setosum revealed that it contained triterpenes, flavonoids, sterols, polyphenols, and glycosides [1,2,8,9]. These components have been shown to have various bioactivities, including antihemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities [10,11,12]. C. setosum has been used in a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating diabetes [13,14,15] and diabetes complications, such as nephropathy and neuropathy [16,17]
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