Bioactivity of natural compounds extracted from Oedogonium cilitum isolated from Qalachwalan pond

Abstract

Natural extracts of microalgae are widely recognized for their biologically active compound. They represent an untapped supply of pharmaceutical substances. In this study, the freshwater macroalgae (Oedogonium cilitum) was collected from Qalachwalan Pond in Sulaimani City. The sample was identified, authenticated, and investigated for their chemical composition and pharmacological properties. the GC/MS was used to identify and quantify using methanol extract of O. cilitum macroalgae. The GC/MS results of (Oedogonium cilitum) revealed the existence of various significant chemicals, such as long chain fatty acids (saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acids), ester, volatile organic compounds(saturated aldehyde, polyunsaturated aldehydes(PUAs), terpene Accordingly, palmitic acid(12.71 %),9-Octadecenoic acid,(E) (9.59 %),9- Octadecenoic acid,(Z) (5.67 %), Acetic acid, propyl ester(24.93 %), Acetic 2-methylpropyl ester(13.64 %), Acetic acid, butyl ester(8.75 %), Thiosulphuric-(2-aminoethyl)ester(2.15 %), Hexanal (5.58 %), Nonanal (1.61 %),2-Decenal,(E)-(3.23 %),2-Undecenal(2.71 %),2-Pentene,4,4-dimethyl-(2.32 %), Neophytadiene (5.58 %) respectively. macroalgae extract was tested utilizing the DPPH radical scavenging assay for its antioxidant properties, with a comparatively low IC50(0.538 mg/ml), extract bioactive components demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity, by increasing concentration (4.8 µg/ml to 1250 µg/ml) Antioxidant activity (Radical scavenging activity) increase. This suggests that antioxidant activity and concentration are related. On several microorganisms, the antimicrobial effects of (Oedogonium cilitum) extract were studied using a well diffusion method. Three organic extracts (Dioxane, chloroform, Dichloromethane) were used against three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter species, and Enterobacter species), and one Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The highest zone of inhibition was observed in Dioxane extract which showed the maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (12.4 mm), Escherichia coli (10.6 mm), and Acinetobacter species(9.9 mm) respectively. The present finding revealed that freshwater macroalgae is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative germs. Our findings highlight the value of bioactive compounds as potential antibacterial agents and suggest that they might be used in place of traditional antibiotics.