BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF CADMIUM IN LABEO ROHITA ACROSS VARYING SIZES

Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveals the Mechanistic Basis for Cadmium Accumulation in Maize.

To examine the role of metallothionein on heavy metal accumulation in kidneys of rats after Zn, Cd or Cu injection, the relative Zn, Cd or Cu-binding capacity of heavy metal-induced metallothionein in renal cytosol of rats after Zn, Cd or Cu injection was determined. The Zn or Cu increment in renal cytosol after Zn or Cu injection was attributable to low and high molecular weight proteins, while most of the Cd increment was attributable to a low molecular weight protein. The low molecular weight, metal-binding protein was identified as metallothionein using a competitive ELISA. There was a close relationship between heavy metal contents in the renal cytosol and metallothionein of all heavy metal-injected rats. In dose-response and time-course studies, approximately 45, 40 and 85% of the Zn, Cu and Cd increments in renal cytosol were bound to metallothionein after Zn, Cu and Cd injection, respectively. Therefore the order of relative binding capacities of Zn, Cu and Cd-induced metallothionein in kidney was determined to be Cd>Zn approximately Cu. These results suggest that the role of metallothionein in Zn or Cu accumulation in the kidney after Zn or Cu injection is different from that of metallothionein in Cd accumulation in the kidney after Cd injection.

Quantifying the transfer of Cd from foods to mammalian target organs is key to estimating the health risk from this exposure; however, the bioaccumulation of Cd from foods is modified by many dietary components. Studies of dietary Cd absorption would be simpler if it were known that Cd added to foods as a soluble salt was as bioavailable as Cd incorporated during growth of the food species. Rabbits were fed, for 16 d, fresh lettuce containing cadmium incorporated into the lettuce during growth or added to the lettuce before feeding, or lettuce with no Cd but soluble Cd administered to the animals by gavage. There was a marked positive relationship between increased Cd dose and its accumulation in kidney; the slopes for the gavage and added treatments were not clearly different from the incorporated treatment; liver data were highly variable. In a 10-wk study of Cd-incorporated and -amended lettuce diets, for the incorporated and control diets there was less Cd accumulation in the kidneys, but not liver, per unit cumulative dose, than for the amended diet. Cd accumulation in the small intestine and Cd concentration in feces, both per unit daily dose, were smaller for the incorporated than for the control and amended diets; Cd concentrations in bile, urine, and serum, per unit daily dose, were higher in the control diet than values in the amended diet, which were higher than the incorporated diet. These differences could not be accounted for by variation in Fe or Zn contents of the diets. Thus, data suggest that Cd-amended diets overestimate bioaccumulation in kidney, an important target organ, by up to one-third, and that studies of short duration are not adequate to evaluate Cd bioavailability from food.

Welcome to the Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Prevention and Pollution Control Technologies (EPPCT 2021), which was supposed to be held in Zhuhai, China during January 15 to 17, 2021, but was changed to be held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The online conference was of great success, totally beyond anybody’s expectation, having a diverse group of expertise and backgrounds. Not to mention that participants are geographically diverse. We are glad to confirm that such diverse expertise and backgrounds were connected, forming a coherent conference environment and creating synergistic learning and sharing.The meeting focused on the research fields of “environmental prevention” and “environmental pollution prevention and control”. The primary goal of the conference is to provide an exchange platform for experts and scholars in “environmental prevention” and “pollution prevention” as well as enterprise developers, to promote the exchange of new technologies for environmental pollution prevention and control at home and abroad, to explore the development path of ecological civilization construction, and to cope with new opportunities and challenges.This scientific event brings together more than 160 national and international researchers. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches.In the second part, we invited two professors as our keynote speakers. Prof. Shanquan Wang, from School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, performed a speech: Spatial distribution, bioconversion and ecological risk of halogenated persistent organic pollutants in contaminated urban rivers: a nationwide study in China. His study provided unprecedented insights into contamination, conversion and ecological risk of PCBs and PBDEs in nationwide polluted urban rivers in China. And then we had Prof. Tao Zhu from China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing). His research area is air pollution control and solid waste treatment and resource. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.The proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. Topics include but are not limited to the following areas: Air pollution and treatment, Groundwater Issues, Soil Pollution and Treatment and more related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported EPPCT 2021. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference. In particular, we would like to thank the organizing committee for its valuable inputs in shaping the conference program and reviewing the submitted papers.Committee of EPPCT 2021List of Committee member are available in this Pdf.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) play a significant role in environmental pollution control, for example, air pollution control. To become widely acceptable and commercially viable, miniaturization of WSN should be investigated. For this reason, CMOS implementation of sensors and their integration into WSN have drawn much research attention in recent times. In this paper, the suitability of WSN to be employed in environmental monitoring, protection and control has been judged especially from the viewpoint of available communication system standards and CMOS level architecture of sensors. The CMOS implementation of WSN for the two available competitive WSN technologies named ZigBee and Bluetooth has been mainly addressed. Finally, the prospects and challenges for Ultra Wideband (UWB) radios to be used in WSN and the contribution of recent developments of nanotechnology to WSN have been briefly discussed and are given more importance for probable exploitation in environment monitoring and pollution control.

The study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition and mineral profile of three fish species namely Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita and Wallago attu inhabiting River Indus in Mianwali District. The study followed a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement by involving 3 fish species, each with 3 weight categories (W1≤1.0, W2≤1.5 and W3≤2.0 Kg). Chemical composition was determined by AOAC methods and selected minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Hg and Pb) in fish muscles were analysed by inductively coupled plasma−optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). It was investigated that crude protein contents in Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio and Wallago attu were 74.92, 75.25 and 79.60%, respectively. Fat was reported as 18.67, 19.52 and 13.33 % in Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio and wallago attu, respectively. Whereas ash was reported as 4.95, 4.67 and 4.46% and total carbohydrates were investigated as 1.46, 0.56, and 2.60 % in Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio and Wallago attu, respectively. Generally metal concentrations increased with increased weight of fish. Cadmium and copper were not detected in any of the analysed fish species. The levels of minerals in selected fish species were within the limits of international standards except Mn, Cr, Hg and Pb. Smaller fishes were high in protein contents and low in fats and minerals, so these should be preferred by the consumers. The higher levels of heavy metals reported in selected fish species are a matter of concern for the health of fish as well as consumers. * Corresponding Author: 

Peroxisome-generated succinate induces lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic mice

Due to increasingly serious urban pollution, this paper proposes an environmental pollution prevention and control system in combination with Internet of things. The system transfers data through the Internet, which also utilizes sensor, pH sensor and smoke sensor to obtain environmental data. Besides, combined with the video data acquired through monitoring, the data are transferred to data center to analyze the haze pollution, water pollution and fire disaster in environment. According to the results, multi-purpose vehicles are mobilized to complete the tasks such as spraying water to relieve haze, water source purification and fire fighting in city environment. Experiments show that the environmental pollution prevention and control system designed in this paper can automatically complete the urban environmental pollution detection, prevention and control, which thus reduces human and material resources and improves the efficiency of pollution prevention and control. Therefore, it possesses greatly practical significance to the construction of smart city.

As environmental pollutants pose a serious threat to socioeconomic and environmental health, the development of simple, efficient, accurate and cost-effective methods for pollution monitoring and control remains a major challenge, but it is an unavoidable issue. In the past decade, the artificial nanozymes have been widely used for environmental pollutant monitoring and control, because of their low cost, high stability, easy mass production, etc. However, the conventional nanozyme technology faces significant challenges in terms of difficulty in regulating the exposed crystal surface, complex composition, low catalytic activity, etc. In contrast, the emerging single-atom nanozymes (SANs) have attracted much attention in the field of environmental monitoring and control, due to their multiple advantages of atomically dispersed active sites, high atom utilization efficiency, tunable coordination environment, etc. To date, the insufficient efforts have been made to comprehensively characterize the applications of SANs in the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants. Building on the recent advances in the field, this review systematically summarizes the main synthesis methods of SANs and highlights their advances in the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants. Finally, we critically evaluate the limitations and challenges of SANs, and provide the insights into their future prospects for the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants.

Rapid industrialization has led to an increase in cadmium pollution, a dangerously toxic heavy metal. Cadmium (Cd) is released into the environment through industrial processes and can contaminate air, water, and soil. This pollution poses a significant risk to human health and has become a pressing concern in many industrialized areas. Due to its extended half-life, it leads to a range of health problems, including hepato-nephritic toxicity, brain damage, and degenerative bone disorders. Intoxication alters various intracellular parameters, leading to inflammation, tissue injury, and oxidative stress within cells, which disrupts normal cellular functions and can eventually result in cell death. It has also been linked to the development of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. These adverse effects highlight the urgent need to address cadmium pollution and find effective solutions to mitigate its impact on human health. This article highlights the Cd-induced risks and the role of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) extract as a source of alternative medicine in alleviating the symptoms. Numerous herbal remedies often contain certain bioactive substances, such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which have the power to mitigate these adverse effects by acting as antioxidants and lowering oxidative cell damage. Research conducted in the field of alternative medicine has revealed its enormous potential to meet demands that may be effectively used in safeguarding humans and their environment. The point of this review is to investigate whether C. roseus extract, known for its bioactive substances, is being investigated for its potential to mitigate the harmful effects of cadmium on health. Further investigation is needed to fully understand its effectiveness. Moreover, it is important to explore the potential environmental benefits of using C. roseus extract to reduce the negative effects of Cd. This review conducted in the field of alternative medicine has revealed its enormous potential to meet demands that could have significant implications for both human health and environmental sustainability.

Relationship between CD4 T lymphocyte levels and PPD skin test measurement in adult AIDS (HIV-infected persons) patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Effects of silver carp and small indigenous species on pond ecology and carp polycultures in Bangladesh

Clarifying the efficiency of investment in environmental pollution control is conducive to better control of environmental pollution. Based on panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2008 to 2017, this study combines the three-stage super-efficient SBM-DEA model and the Global-Malmquist-Luenberger index to measure the efficiency of investment in environmental pollution control in China and analyze regional differences. The results show that: First, the investment efficiency of environmental pollution control in China shows a rising trend year by year, but there are significant differences among provinces and regions; the presence of random factors and environmental variables makes the control efficiency underestimated. Second, excluding the effects of both, the national investment efficiency of environmental pollution control has improved significantly, but still has not reached the optimal effect; the gap between provinces and regions has narrowed while the investment efficiency of environmental pollution control has improved, and there is still an unbalanced situation. Third, the main driver of the year-on-year improvement in China’s environmental pollution control efficiency is technological progress; compared with northeastern China, technological progress has a more significant role in promoting eastern, central, and western China. Finally, based on the results, this paper focuses on making suggestions to promote environmental pollution control in China in terms of making regional cooperation, making good environmental protection investment and strengthening environmental protection technology research and development.

Based on the rapid development of green finance and the panel data of 30 provinces in China (excluding Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao) from 2007 to 2020, to deeply discuss the relationship between financial development (FD), technological innovation and environmental pollution (EP) control is the centre of this article by using panel fixed-effect and intermediary effect model. The influence of FD on EP is tested by building a benchmark regression model. In addition, the intermediary effect model is adopted to explore how FD affects EP control through technological innovation mechanism. The conclusions show that China’s FD can effectively promote regional EP control on the whole, and FD can improve EP through technological innovation mechanism, but there is significant regional heterogeneity: compared with high government intervention areas, FD can promote EP control through technological innovation in low government intervention areas. Therefore, it is suggested that all regions promote the construction of financial infrastructure, upgrade the level of regional financial marketisation, speed up the realisation of regional technological innovation and EP control. This work is conducive to the formulation of appropriate government policies to promote the improvement of the financial system and the establishment of innovative mechanisms, and the reasonable reduction of government intervention and the improvement of the efficiency of financial resource allocation based on the needs of financial market players.

Pyriproxyfen (PPF) mimics a natural hormone in insects and disrupts their growth. It is a well-known synthetic insecticide and aromatic juvenile hormone analog frequently used in agriculture and vegetable crops to control various insect species. At present, scanty information is available about the possible potential threats of PPF in aquatic organisms. Therefore, in this study, different toxico-pathologic endpoints of PPF like DNA damage, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and status of antioxidant enzymes were determined in Labeo rohita (freshwater fish). In our study, 60 active, free from any external obvious ailments, same size, age, and body mass were randomly allocated to four glass aquaria (T0-T3) separately containing 100 L water. The fish present in groups T1, T2, and T3 were administered PPF dissolved in water 300, 600, and 900 μg/L for 30 days. Different tissues including the blood and visceral organs were obtained from each fish on days 10, 20, and 30 of the experiment. Results on various morphological and nuclear changes in red blood cells of PPF-exposed Labeo rohita fish including pear-shaped erythrocytes, spherocytes, red blood cells with a blebbed nucleus, micronucleus, and nuclear remnants were significantly increased. Our results on genotoxicity (comet assay) recorded significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased DNA damage in various tissues of insecticide-exposed fish. The results on oxidative stress profile (reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in multiple tissues of Labeo rohita fish concluded significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher quantity of biomarkers of oxidative stress and lower concentrations of different antioxidant enzymes in treated fish. Hence, the findings of our experimental research determine that PPF could induce adverse toxic impacts on multiple tissues of Labeo rohita fish.