Abstract
A novel method of preparing reduced graphene oxide (RGOX) from graphene oxide (GOX) was developed employing vegetable extract, Chenopodium album, as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Chenopodium album is a green leafy vegetable with a low shelf life, fresh leaves of this vegetable are encouraged to be used due to high water content. The previously modified ‘Hummers method’ has been in practice for the preparation of GOX by using precursor graphite powder. In this study, green synthesis of RGOX was functionally verified by employing FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy, along with SEM and TEM. Our results demonstrated typical morphology of RGOX stacked in layers that appeared as silky, transparent, and rippled. The antibacterial activity was shown by analyzing minimal inhibitory concentration values, agar diffusion assay, fluorescence techniques. It showed enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in comparison to GOX. It has also been shown that the synthesized compound exhibited enhanced antibiofilm activity as compared to its parent compound. The efficacy of RGOX and GOX has been demonstrated on a human breast cancer cell line, which suggested RGOX as a potential anticancer agent.
Highlights
Ever rising consciousness about human health, the addition of fruits and vegetables are gaining importance in their regular diet [1]
Natural graphite fine powder which was used was from the CDH company, concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were from the BDH company, hydrogen peroxide (30% H2O2), and NaNO3 (Laboratory reagent) were from qualikems and concentrated HCl was from Loba Chemie Laboratory reagents and fine chemicals, New delhi, India
The antimicrobial activity of graphene oxide (GOX) and reduced graphene oxide (RGOX) was determined by agar well diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans
Summary
Ever rising consciousness about human health, the addition of fruits and vegetables are gaining importance in their regular diet [1]. Graphite was oxidized to GOX, while conversion of graphene oxide (GOX) to RGOX was assigned to the reduction method with different strong reducing agents such as hydrazine (N2H2) [20] and sodium hydride (NaH) [21]. These reducing agents are highly toxic, hazardous, and pose a serious threat to our environment as well as an effect on biological activities. The novel biological synthesis of RGOX was prepared by graphene oxide with plant extract Chenopodium album as a reducing agent. RGOX showed promising antibacterial and anticancer activities on breast cancer cell lines, ensuring a promising approach for its future treatment
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