Abstract
Bilateral internal carotid agenesis is a rare congenital malformation, poorly documented in the literature. We report the case of a 5 year old patient with an incidental diagnosis of this entity, after an evaluation of an open craniocerebral trauma and post-traumatic seizures. Patient diagnosis was performed by a magnetic resonance angiography showing no reflux of internal carotid arteries (bilateral agenesis) and an increase in the caliber of vertebral and basilar arteries.
Highlights
Agenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is defined as the failure in the development of this structure and the complete absence of the carotid canal
The circle of Willis is a vascular system that provides the cerebral blood circulation which is divided into anterior and posterior circulation; the first provided by the internal carotid arteries which provide the highest blood flow and the second by the vertebral arteries; This vascular circuit interconnects the supraclinoid portion of both internal carotid, horizontal segment of the anterior cerebral arteries and the horizontal segment of the posterior cerebral arteries through the anterior communicating and posterior communicating arteries respectively, introducing variations in their normal anatomy in up to 60% of cases [5,6]
Alterations in the development of internal carotid artery are extremely rare, they can have variations in their morphology, such as curliness or tortuosity which mainly affect the cervical portion or major congenital anomalies such as agenesis; which corresponds to the complete lack of development of the structure, aplasia; which it refers to the absence of development, but its predecessor did exist and hypoplasia incomplete development [4,7] when these occur usually unilateral and three times more common in left side
Summary
Agenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is defined as the failure in the development of this structure and the complete absence of the carotid canal.
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