Abstract
The bifurcation properties of low order, barotropic models with orographic and a Newtonian type of vorticity forcing are reviewed. The low order model results that multiple equilibria develop as a result of a sufficiently strong wave, orographic forcing and that a suitably positioned wave vorticity forcing can enhance this bifurcation mechanism are verified with a high resolution, spectral model. The high resolution model is integrated in time to find stable steady-states. Bifurcations into multiple equilibria appear as sudden jumps in the amplitudes of the model components, when the forcing is slowly changing in time.
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