Abstract
Bifidobacteria are considered dominant and for this reason key members of the human gut microbiota, particularly during the first one to two years following birth. A substantial proportion of the bifidobacterial population in the intestine of infants belong to the Bifidobacterium bifidum taxon, whose members have been shown to display remarkable physiological and genetic features involving adhesion to epithelia, as well as utilization of host-derived glycans. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on the genetic features and associated adaptations of B. bifidum to the human gut.
Highlights
GENERAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS Bifidobacterium The genus Bifidobacterium, a member of the Bifidobacteriaceae family, belongs to the Actinobacteria phylum (Stackebrandt and Tindall, 2000)
This study identified the most abundant bifidobacterial species present in the human gut, being represented by B. longum, B. pseudolongum, B. animalis subsp. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. breve
Genomic investigations of bifidobacteria have revealed genetic repertoires that are considered crucial for conveying the typical saccharolytic phenotype of these bacteria, and which are worthy of detailed investigation for their potential roles in colonization of the human gut and their dependence on our diet
Summary
GENERAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS Bifidobacterium The genus Bifidobacterium, a member of the Bifidobacteriaceae family, belongs to the Actinobacteria phylum (Stackebrandt and Tindall, 2000). Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum are identified in the human gut and have been shown to represent part of the dominant bacterial members of the gut microbiota of breast-fed infants (Turroni et al, 2009a, 2012).
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