Bidirectional effects of parental and adolescent symptom change in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy.

Abstract

The current study examines dynamic, bidirectional associations between parent and adolescent symptom improvement in response to children's therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data were collected from a racially and ethnically heterogeneous sample of 1,807 adolescents (age 13-18 years old; 69% female) and a parent participating in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) at a community outpatient behavioral health clinic. Parents self-reported their depressive symptoms and youth self-reported their PTSD and depressive symptoms at the onset of treatment and every three months for up to nine months. Using a bivariate dual change score model (BDCSM) we examine: (a) individual dyad members' change in symptoms and (b) the bidirectional associations between changes in the parent's and youth's symptoms across treatment. Parents' and adolescents' symptoms at the start of treatment were correlated and both parents' and adolescents' symptoms decreased over the course of treatment. Parents' elevated depressive symptoms at each time point contributed to smaller decreases in their children's PTSD and depressive symptoms at the subsequent time point. Adolescents' elevated symptoms at each time point contributed to greater decreases in their parents' symptoms at the subsequent time point. These findings highlight the impact that parents and children have on each other's response to children's trauma-focused psychotherapy. Notably, parents' depressive symptoms appeared to slow their children's progress in treatment, suggesting that attending to parents' symptoms and providing them with supportive services may be an important adjunct to children's interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).