Abstract
The present study evaluated the associations between gallstones and renal stones using a national sample cohort of the Korean population. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort was collected from 2002 to 2013. We designed two different longitudinal follow-up studies. In study I, we extracted gallstone patients (n = 20,711) and 1:4-matched control I subjects (n = 82,844) and analyzed the occurrence of renal stones. In study II, we extracted renal stone patients (n = 23,615) and 1:4-matched control II subjects (n = 94,460) and analyzed the occurrence of gallstones. Matching was performed for age, sex, income, region of residence, and history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model, and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex. The adjusted HR of renal stones was 1.93 (95% CI = 1.75–2.14) in the gallstone group (P < 0.001). The adjusted HR of gallstones was 1.97 (95% CI = 1.81–2.15) in the renal stone group (P < 0.001). The results were consistent in all subgroup analyses. Gallstones increased the risk of renal stones, and renal stones increased the risk of gallstones.
Highlights
A gallstone is a crystalline deposit in the gallbladder[1]
The crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of renal stones were 1.93 and 1.93 in the gallstone group, respectively
All crude and adjusted HRs of renal stones were higher in the gallstone group
Summary
The prevalence of gallstones is 5.5% in men and 8.6% in women in the USA2 and 4.2–5.3% in Korea[3,4]. Gallstones are categorized as cholesterol stones, pigment stones, or mixed stones based on their composition[1] Their prevalence rates in Korea are 58.1% for cholesterol stones, 25.2% for black pigment stones, and 12.1% for brown pigment stones[5]. The prevalence of renal stones is 10.6% in men and 7.1% women in the USA7 and 5.0% in Korea[8]. The purpose of this study is to bidirectionally evaluate the association between gallstones and renal stones using a national sample cohort of the Korean population. Www.nature.com/scientificreports one study, we extracted gallstone patients and 1:4-matched control subjects and analyzed the occurrence of renal stones. We extracted renal stone patients and 1:4-matched control subjects and analyzed the occurrence of gallstones
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
